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- Clark, Peter, U., et al.
(författare)
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The Last Glacial Maximum
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 325:5941, s. 710-714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used 5704 14C, 10Be, and 3He ages that span the interval from 10,000 to 50,000 years ago (10 to 50 ka) to constrain the timing of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in terms of global ice-sheet and mountain-glacier extent. Growth of the ice sheets to their maximum positions occurred between 33.0 and 26.5 ka in response to climate forcing from decreases in northern summer insolation, tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, and atmospheric CO2. Nearly all ice sheets were at their LGM positions from 26.5 ka to 19 to 20 ka, corresponding to minima in these forcings. The onset of Northern Hemisphere deglaciation 19 to 20 ka was induced by an increase in northern summer insolation, providing the source for an abrupt rise in sea level. The onset of deglaciation of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet occurred between 14 and 15 ka, consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in sea level ~14.5 ka.
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- Morrow, DA, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a novel antiplatelet agent for secondary prevention in patients with a history of atherosclerotic disease: design and rationale for the Thrombin-Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Ischemic Events (TRA 2 degrees P)-TIMI 50 trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-8703. ; 158:3, s. 335-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Thrombin potently activates platelets via interaction with the protease-activated receptor 1. SCH 530348 is a novel antiplatelet agent that selectively inhibits the cellular actions of thrombin via antagonism of the protease-activated receptor 1. Because SCH 530348 does not interfere with other pathways for hemostasis, it is possible that SCH 530348 reduces thrombosis with less increase in bleeding than do other potent antiplatelet agents. STUDY DESIGN: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SCH 530348 during long-term treatment of patients with established atherosclerotic disease receiving standard therapy (up to 27,000). Eligible patients with a history of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or peripheral arterial disease are randomized 1:1 to SCH 530348 2.5 mg daily or matched placebo until the end of study. Randomization is stratified by the qualifying disease and planned use of a thienopyridine. The primary end point is the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or urgent coronary revascularization. The major secondary end point is the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The evaluation of long-term safety includes bleeding defined by the GUSTO and TIMI criteria. Recruitment began in September 2007. The trial will continue until 2,279 primary end points and 1,400 secondary end points are recorded with expected completion in 36 to 44 months from first enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 is evaluating whether a new approach to platelet inhibition via interruption of thrombin-mediated platelet activation reduces major cardiovascular events with a favorable safety profile in patients with established atherosclerosis.
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- Sabatine, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Angiographic and clinical outcomes in patients receiving low-molecular-weight heparin versus unfractionated heparin in ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolytics in the CLARITY-TIMI 28 Trial
- 2005
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 112:25, s. 3846-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) offers pharmacological and practical advantages over unfractionated heparin (UFH). Whether these advantages translate into greater infarct-related artery patency and fewer adverse clinical events in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) receiving fibrinolytic therapy remains under study. METHODS AND RESULTS: We compared angiographic and clinical outcomes in patients treated with LMWH (n=1429) versus UFH (n=1431) in CLARITY-TIMI 28, a randomized trial of clopidogrel versus placebo in STEMI patients aged 18 to 75 years undergoing fibrinolysis. After comprehensive adjustment for baseline characteristics, therapeutic interventions, and a propensity score, treatment with LMWH was associated with a significantly lower rate of a closed infarct-related artery or death or myocardial infarction before angiography (13.5% versus 22.5%, adjusted OR 0.76, P=0.027). Treatment with LMWH was also associated with a significantly lower rate of cardiovascular death or recurrent myocardial infarction through 30 days (6.9% versus 11.5%, adjusted OR 0.68, P=0.030). The lower event rates were observed in patients allocated to clopidogrel and in those who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Rates of TIMI major bleeding through 30 days (1.6% versus 2.2%, P=0.27) and intracranial hemorrhage (0.6% versus 0.8%, P=0.37) were similar in the LMWH and UFH groups. Patients who received both clopidogrel and LMWH, in addition to a standard fibrinolytic and aspirin, had a particularly high rate of infarct-related artery patency (90.9%) and particularly low rates of cardiovascular death (3.2%), recurrent myocardial infarction (3.0%), and major bleeding (1.8%). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with STEMI receiving fibrinolytic therapy, use of LMWH with other standard therapies, including clopidogrel and aspirin, is associated with improved angiographic outcomes and lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular events.
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- McCabe, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Reference Points for the Design and Delivery of Degree Programs in Business
- 2009
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Tuning Subject Area Group (SAG) for business and managementeducation met on some twelve occasions. The first meeting coincided with the launch of the EU–sponsored Tuning project in Brussels in May 2001; the last took place in June 2008 in conjunction with the closing session of the fourth phase of Tuning (Tuning IV). Over the eight years, we shared our experiences of business programmes in our own institutions, our own countries and – in many instances – elsewhere within and beyond Europe. We pooled our ideas concerning the implementation of the various ‘action lines’ of the Bologna Declaration, the aim of which is the creation of a more coherent European Higher Education Area (EHEA) by 2010.Competence–based learner–centred education is at the heart of the Tuning approach. Degree profiles and learning outcomes for the bachelor, master and doctoral cycles are identifi ed as a starting point for debate at a more local level. Likewise, teaching, learning and assessment are addressed, as well as the crucial issue of quality enhancement. The booklet concludes with a look at the third cycle.The work of Tuning, involving contributions by individuals from a wide range of disciplines in 135 institutions across 27 countries, is seen as fully compatible with and complementary to the aims of the Bologna process, as expressed in 1999 and at subsequent follow–up meetings. Indeed it might be claimed that its work and outputs represent a valuable pan–European movement that greatly facilitates and accelerates the achievement of the Bologna objectives. As noted on the opening page of this brochure, there is no intention to standardize or prescribe; on the contrary, respect for and the preservation of Europe’s rich tapestry of educational activities remain as the fundamental principles of the Tuning project.It is hoped that this booklet, when read in conjunction with the impressive array of publications produced by Tuning over the past several years, will stimulate discussion that will lead to the (re–)design and delivery of business programmes that simultaneously provide greater rewards for learners, teachers, institutions, employers and society.The Tuning Subject Area Group for Business and Management Education.
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