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| 2. |
- Gulick, Sean, P.S., et al.
(författare)
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The first day of the Cenozoic
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : US National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116, s. 19342-19351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly expanded Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary section from the Chicxulub peak ring, recovered by International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) –International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Expedition 364, provides an unprecedented window into the immediate aftermath of the impact. Site M0077 includes ∼130 m of impact melt rock and suevite deposited the first day of the Cenozoic covered by <1 m of micrite-rich carbonate deposite over subsequent weeks to years. We present an interpreted series of events based on analyses of these drill cores. Within minutes of the impact, centrally uplifted basement rock collapsed outward to forma peak ring capped in melt rock. Within tens of minutes, the peak ring was covered in ∼40 m of brecciated impact melt rock and coarsegrained suevite, including clasts possibly generated by melt–water interactions during ocean resurge. Within an hour, resurge crested the peak ring, depositing a 10-m-thick layer of suevite with increased particle roundness and sorting. Within hours, the full resurge deposit formed through settling and seiches, resulting in an 80-m-thick fining-upward, sorted suevite in the flooded crater. Within a day, the reflected rim-wave tsunami reached the crater, depositing a cross-bedded sand-to-fine gravel layer enriched in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons overlain by charcoal fragments. Generation of a deep crater open to the ocean allowed rapid flooding and sediment accumulation rates among the highest known in the geologic record. The high-resolution section provides insight into the impact environmental effects, including charcoal as evidence for impactinduced wildfires and a paucity of sulfur-rich evaporites from the target supporting rapid global cooling and darkness as extinction mechanisms.
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- Williams, David J., et al.
(författare)
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Comparability : Manufacturing, characterization and controls, report of a UK Regenerative Medicine Platform Pluripotent Stem Cell Platform Workshop, Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 14-15 September 2015
- 2016
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Ingår i: Regenerative Medicine. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1746-0751 .- 1746-076X. ; 11:5, s. 483-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarizes the proceedings of a workshop held at Trinity Hall, Cambridge to discuss comparability and includes additional information and references to related information added subsequently to the workshop. Comparability is the need to demonstrate equivalence of product after a process change; a recent publication states that this 'may be difficult for cell-based medicinal products'. Therefore a well-managed change process is required which needs access to good science and regulatory advice and developers are encouraged to seek help early. The workshop shared current thinking and best practice and allowed the definition of key research questions. The intent of this report is to summarize the key issues and the consensus reached on each of these by the expert delegates.
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| 4. |
- Bowman, L. R., et al.
(författare)
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Alarm Variables for Dengue Outbreaks: A Multi-Centre Study in Asia and Latin America
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Worldwide, dengue is an unrelenting economic and health burden. Dengue outbreaks have become increasingly common, which place great strain on health infrastructure and services. Early warning models could allow health systems and vector control programmes to respond more cost-effectively and efficiently. The Shewhart method and Endemic Channel were used to identify alarm variables that may predict dengue outbreaks. Five country datasets were compiled by epidemiological week over the years 2007-2013. These data were split between the years 2007-2011 (historic period) and 2012-2013 (evaluation period). Associations between alarm/outbreak variables were analysed using logistic regression during the historic period while alarm and outbreak signals were captured during the evaluation period. These signals were combined to form alarm/outbreak periods, where 2 signals were equal to 1 period. Alarm periods were quantified and used to predict subsequent outbreak periods. Across Mexico and Dominican Republic, an increase in probable cases predicted outbreaks of hospitalised cases with sensitivities and positive predictive values (PPV) of 93%/83% and 97%/86% respectively, at a lag of 1-12 weeks. An increase in mean temperature ably predicted outbreaks of hospitalised cases in Mexico and Brazil, with sensitivities and PPVs of 79%/73% and 81%/46% respectively, also at a lag of 1-12 weeks. Mean age was predictive of hospitalised cases at sensitivities and PPVs of 72%/74% and 96%/45% in Mexico and Malaysia respectively, at a lag of 4-16 weeks. An increase in probable cases was predictive of outbreaks, while meteorological variables, particularly mean temperature, demonstrated predictive potential in some countries, but not all. While it is difficult to define uniform variables applicable in every country context, the use of probable cases and meteorological variables in tailored early warning systems could be used to highlight the occurrence of dengue outbreaks or indicate increased risk of dengue transmission.
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- Juszczak, Edmund, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing the CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using cohorts and routinely collected health data
- 2019
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Ingår i: Trials. - : BMC. - 1745-6215. ; 20:Suppl. 1, s. 131-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are increasingly being conducted using existing sources of data, such as cohorts, administrative databases, disease registries and electronic health records. RCTs conducted using existing data sources require additional information to be reported. This reporting guideline is an extension of the 2010 version of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement for RCTs using cohorts and routinely collected health data.Methods: A long-list of potential items for the checklist was identified through two methods: firstly, modifications to the current CONSORT checklist were generated using existing reporting guidelines, including the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) and REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) statements. Secondly, ascoping review of RCTs conducted in the last decade using cohorts and routinely collected health data facilitated the modification and identification of other potential items. Using the long-list, a three-stage Delphi exercise was conducted to assess the importance of each item for inclusion in the final extension checklist, which was finalised at a face-to-face meeting of experts.Results: A long-list of 27 items was created and 125 experts registered for the three-round Delphi exercise (92, 77 and 62 experts participated in each round respectively). Consensus was reached on 21 out of 27 items. The results of the Delphi exercise informed a face-to-face consensus meeting in May 2019; core items to be included in the extension checklist were finalised at this meeting. Corresponding explanations of extensions and new items with examples of good reporting were developed subsequently.Conclusion: The guideline checklist can facilitate transparent reporting of RCTs using cohorts and routinely collected health data, to assist evaluations of rigour and reproducibility, enhance understanding of the methodology, and make the results more useful for clinicians, journal editors, reviewers, guideline authors, and funders.
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| 7. |
- Matoušek, Václav, et al.
(författare)
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Deposition limit velocity : Effect of particle size distribution
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Conferences on Transport and Sedimentation of Solid Particles 2017. - : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wroclawiu. - 9788377172698 ; , s. 217-224
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial settling slurries often consist of particles of very different sizes; the particle size distribution may cover sizes which differ with two orders of magnitude. A broad particle size distribution affects parameters of slurry flow including deposition limit velocity. We present experimental results of the deposition limit velocity collected during a comprehensive experimental campaign testing slurry flows composed of solids of different fractions in the GIW Hydraulic Laboratory in 2016. Four narrow graded fractions (carrier fluid, pseudo-homogeneous, heterogeneous, and stratified) were tested in permutations from the individual components to the complete mixture at various concentrations. The primary experiments were carried out in a 203-mm pipe, and selected corresponding experiments were repeated in a 103-mm pipe. The experimental results show that interactions among components affect the resulting deposition limit velocity in flows of broadly graded settling slurries. The effect of particle size distribution on the deposition limit velocity is not benign. The deposit velocity is not necessarily lower in a flow of slurry composed of four components than in slurry flow of one component with the highest deposit velocity from the four components. We discuss possible modifications of a deposit velocity predictive model in order to take effects of a broad particle size distribution into account.
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| 8. |
- Visintainer, Robert J., et al.
(författare)
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Centrifugal pump performance deratings for a broadly graded (4-component) slurry
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Conferences on Transport and Sedimentation of Solid Particles 2017. - : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wroclawiu. ; , s. 359-367
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 4-component model for settling slurry pipeline friction loss has been previously described by Wilson and Sellgren. The goal of the present work is to adapt the concepts of this model to the calculation of centrifugal slurry pump performance deratings (i.e. pump solids effect). Tests were carried out using four different graded silica and crushed granite products representing the four model components. These were then combined and tested in permutations from the individual components to the complete mixture at various concentrations. Closed-loop run times were limited to minimize solids degradation. Primary experiments were carried out using a GIW 8×10 LSA-32 pump and selected corresponding experiments were repeated using a smaller GIW 3×4 LCC-12 pump. In all, 40 tests were performed with particle sizes ranging from minus 40 μm to 12.5 mm, dso particle sizes from minus 40 um to 7.5 mm, and delivered solids concentrations from 4% to 38% by volume. Particle size distributions varied from very narrow to very broad, with d85/d50 ratios ranging from 1.3 to 30. A new 4-component model for the pump Head Reduction Factor (solids effect on head) is proposed and compared with the existing mono-sized model described in the Centrifugal Slurry Pump Standard ANSI/HI 12.1-12.6-2016.
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| 9. |
- Visintainer, Robert J., et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive loop testing of a broadly graded (4-component) slurry
- 2017
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Ingår i: 20th International Conference on Hydrotransport. - : BHR Group Limited. ; , s. 307-323
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 4-component model for settling slurry pipeline friction loss has been previously described by Wilson and Sellgren. The goal of the present work was to collect a comprehensive and accurate data set spanning multiple flow regimes for the purpose of validating and calibrating the model. This was accomplished by obtaining four different graded silica and crushed granite products representing the four model components. These were then combined and tested in permutations from the individual components to the complete mixture at various concentrations. Primary experiments were carried out in a 203 mm (8 inch) pipeline with selected corresponding experiments repeated in a 103 mm (4 inch) pipeline for validation of pipe size scaling. In all, 40 tests were performed with particle sizes ranging from minus 40 m to 12.5 mm, d50 particle sizes from minus 40 μm to 7.5 mm, and delivered solids concentrations from 4% to 38% by volume. Particle size distributions varied from very narrow to very broad, with d85/d50 ratios ranging from 1.3 to 30. Analysis of the data suggested the introduction of two new correlating factors which have resulted in good agreement between the comprehensive data set and the revised model.
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| 10. |
- Weir-McCall, Jonathan R., et al.
(författare)
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Development and validation of a path length calculation for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurement : A TASCFORCE, SUMMIT, and caerphilly collaborative venture
- 2018
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - 0194-911X. ; 71:5, s. 937-945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current distance measurement techniques for pulse wave velocity (PWV) calculation are susceptible to intercenter variability. The aim of this study was to derive and validate a formula for this distance measurement. Based on carotid femoral distance in 1183 whole-body magnetic resonance angiograms, a formula was derived for calculating distance. This was compared with distance measurements in 128 whole-body magnetic resonance angiograms from a second study. The effects of recalculation of PWV using the new formula on association with risk factors, disease discrimination, and prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events were examined within 1242 participants from the multicenter SUMMIT study (Surrogate Markers of Micro- and Macrovascular Hard End-Points for Innovative Diabetes Tools) and 825 participants from the Caerphilly Prospective Study. The distance formula yielded a mean error of 7.8 mm (limits of agreement =-41.1 to 56.7 mm; P<0.001) compared with the second whole-body magnetic resonance angiogram group. Compared with an external distance measurement, the distance formula did not change associations between PWV and age, blood pressure, or creatinine (P<0.01) but did remove significant associations between PWV and body mass index (BMI). After accounting for differences in age, sex, and mean arterial pressure, intercenter differences in PWV persisted using the external distance measurement (F=4.6; P=0.004), whereas there was a loss of between center difference using the distance formula (F=1.4; P=0.24). PWV odds ratios for cardiovascular mortality remained the same using both the external distance measurement (1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.24; P=0.001) and the distance formula (1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.28; P<0.001). A population-derived automatic distance calculation for PWV obtained from routinely collected clinical information is accurate and removes intercenter measurement variability without impacting the diagnostic utility of carotid-femoral PWV.
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