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- Dernevik, M, et al.
(författare)
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A response to Dr. Gudjonsson's commentary
- 2009
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY & PSYCHOLOGY. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1478-9949 .- 1478-9957. ; 20:4, s. 520-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Chapin III, F.S., et al.
(författare)
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Polar Systems
- 2006
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Ingår i: Millenium Ecosystem Assessment 2005 - Current State and Trends. - 1559632283 - 9781559632287 ; 1
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Hooker, Andrew C, et al.
(författare)
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Population pharmacokinetic model for docetaxel in patients with varying degrees of liver function : incorporating cytochrome P4503A activity measurements
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0009-9236 .- 1532-6535. ; 84:1, s. 111-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) activity and docetaxel clearance in patients with varying degrees of liver function (LF) was evaluated. Docetaxel 40, 50, or 75 mg/m(2) was administered to 85 patients with advanced cancer; 23 of 77 evaluable patients had abnormalities in LF tests. Baseline CYP3A activity was assessed using the erythromycin breath test (ERMBT). Pharmacokinetic studies and toxicity assessments were performed during cycle 1 of therapy and population modeling was performed using NONMEM. Docetaxel unbound clearance was lower (317 vs. 470 l/h) and more variable in patients with LF abnormalities compared to patients with normal LF. Covariates evaluated accounted for 83% of variability on clearance in patients with liver dysfunction, with CYP3A4 activity accounting for 47% of variation; covariates accounted for only 23% of variability in patients with normal LF. The clinical utility of the ERMBT may lie in identifying safe docetaxel doses for patients with LF abnormalities.
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| 7. |
- McGuire, A.D., et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of the carbon cycle in the Arctic to climate change
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ecological Monographs. - : Wiley. - 0012-9615. ; 79:4, s. 523-555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent warming in the Arctic is affecting a broad spectrum of physical, ecological, and human/cultural systems that may be irreversible on century time scales and have the potential to cause rapid changes in the earth system. The response of the carbon cycle of the Arctic to changes in climate is a major issue of global concern, yet there has not been a comprehensive review of the status of the contemporary carbon cycle of the Arctic and its response to climate change. This review is designed to clarify key uncertainties and vulnerabilities in the response of the carbon cycle of the Arctic to ongoing climatic change. While it is clear that there are substantial stocks of carbon in the Arctic, there are also significant uncertainties associated with the magnitude of organic matter stocks contained in permafrost and the storage of methane hydrates beneath both subterranean and submerged permafrost of the Arctic. In the context of the global carbon cycle, this review demonstrates that the Arctic plays an important role in the global dynamics of both CO2 and CH4. Studies suggest that the Arctic has been a sink for atmospheric CO2 of between 0 and 0.8 Pg C/yr in recent decades, which is between 0% and 25% of the global net land/ocean flux during the 1990s. The Arctic is a substantial source of CH4 to the atmosphere (between 32 and 112 Tg CH4/yr), primarily because of the large area of wetlands throughout the region. Analyses to date indicate that the sensitivity of the carbon cycle of the Arctic during the remainder of the 21st century is highly uncertain. To improve the capability to assess the sensitivity of the carbon cycle of the Arctic to projected climate change, we recommend that (1) integrated regional studies be conducted to link observations of carbon dynamics to the processes that are likely to influence those dynamics, and (2) the understanding gained from these integrated studies be incorporated into both uncoupled and fully coupled carbon–climate modeling efforts.
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| 8. |
- Post, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological Dynamics Across the Arctic Associated with Recent Climate Change
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 325:5946, s. 1355-1358
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the close of the Fourth International Polar Year, we take stock of the ecological consequences of recent climate change in the Arctic, focusing on effects at population, community, and ecosystem scales. Despite the buffering effect of landscape heterogeneity, Arctic ecosystems and the trophic relationships that structure them have been severely perturbed. These rapid changes may be a bellwether of changes to come at lower latitudes and have the potential to affect ecosystem services related to natural resources, food production, climate regulation, and cultural integrity. We highlight areas of ecological research that deserve priority as the Arctic continues to warm.
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| 9. |
- Tetzlaff, D., et al.
(författare)
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How does landscape structure influence catchment transit time across different geomorphic provinces?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Hydrological Processes. - : Wiley. - 0885-6087 .- 1099-1085. ; 23:6, s. 945-953
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite an increasing number of empirical investigations of catchment transit times (TTs), virtually all are based on individual catchments and there are few attempts to synthesize understanding across different geographical regions. Uniquely, this paper examines data from 55 catchments in five geomorphic provinces in northern temperate regions (Scotland, United States of America and Sweden). The objective is to understand how the role of catchment topography as a control on the TTs differs in contrasting geographical settings. Catchment inverse transit time proxies (ITTPs) were inferred by a simple metric of isotopic tracer damping, using the ratio of standard deviation of delta O-18 in streamwater to the standard deviation of delta O-18 in precipitation. Quantitative landscape analysis was undertaken to characterize the catchments according to hydrologically relevant topographic indices: that could be readily determined from a digital terrain model (DTM). The nature of topographic controls on transit times varied markedly in different geomorphic regions. In steeper montane regions. there are stronger gravitational influences on hydraulic gradients and TTs tend to he lower in the steepest catchments. In provinces where terrain is more subdued, direct topographic control weakened; in particular, where flatter areas with less permeable soils give rise to overland How and lower The steeper slopes within this flatter terrain appear to have a greater coverage of freely draining soils, which increase sub-surface flow, therefore increasing TTs. Quantitative landscape analysis proved a useful tool for intercatchment comparison. However, the critical influence of sub-surface permeability and connectivity may limit the transferability of predictive tools of hydrological function based on topographic parameters alone. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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