| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 112:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Beato, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Current Guidelines for the Implementation of Flywheel Resistance Training Technology in Sports: A Consensus Statement
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sports Medicine. - : ADIS INT LTD. - 0112-1642 .- 1179-2035.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundFlywheel resistance training has become more integrated within resistance training programs in a variety of sports due to the neuromuscular, strength, and task-specific enhancements reported with this training.ObjectiveThis paper aimed to present the consensus reached by internationally recognized experts during a meeting on current definitions and guidelines for the implementation of flywheel resistance training technology in sports.MethodsNineteen experts from different countries took part in the consensus process; 16 of them were present at the consensus meeting (18 May 2023) while three submitted their recommendations by e-mail. Prior to the meeting, evidence summaries were developed relating to areas of priority. This paper discusses the available evidence and consensus process from which recommendations were made regarding the appropriate use of flywheel resistance training technology in sports. The process to gain consensus had five steps: (1) performing a systematic review of systematic reviews, (2) updating the most recent umbrella review published on this topic, (3) first round discussion among a sample of the research group included in this consensus statement, (4) selection of research group members-process of the consensus meeting and formulation of the recommendations, and (5) the consensus process. The systematic analysis of the literature was performed to select the most up-to-date review papers available on the topic, which resulted in nine articles; their methodological quality was assessed according to AMSTAR 2 (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Review 2) and GRADE (Grading Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation). Statements and recommendations scoring 7-9 were considered appropriate.ResultsThe recommendations were based on the evidence summary and researchers' expertise; the consensus statement included three statements and seven recommendations for the use of flywheel resistance training technology. These statements and recommendations were anonymously voted on and qualitatively analyzed. The three statements reported a score ranging from 8.1 to 8.8, and therefore, all statements included in this consensus were considered appropriate. The recommendations (1-7) had a score ranging from 7.7 to 8.6, and therefore, all recommendations were considered appropriate.ConclusionsBecause of the consensus achieved among the experts in this project, it is suggested that practitioners and researchers should adopt the guidelines reported in this consensus statement regarding the use of flywheel resistance technology in sports.
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| 3. |
- Mindus, Patricia
(författare)
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Global Harmony and Rule of Law : An Empirical-Analytic Approach
- 2012
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Ingår i: Global Harmony and the Rule of Law. - Stuttgart : Steiner Verlag.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I take humans to basically strive toward a condition of peace enabling human flourishing. Yet human groups and individuals alike have an extraordinary wide range of understandings of such a condition. If hope for lasting peace and joint cooperation is to emerge from rule of law or otherwise underpin global harmony, first these very concepts need to be unpacked in proper detail. Given the remarkable diversity of legal practices across societies, simply looking at our own will prove insufficient. I suggest building on both Eastern and Western traditions of thought, as well as looking at contemporary practices across the globe in an attempt to enquire into the nature and historical background of the two key notions: rule of law (section 1) and harmony (section 2). Some concluding remarks are then drawn (section 3).First, we focus on “rule of law” (ROL): Is it a likely candidate to set the foundations of global harmony? Looking at the meaning that “rule of law” has acquired within a broad range of fields (legal theory, law and jurisprudence, political philosophy, political science, international relations, sociology and social theory), the first striking aspect is that it does not seem to be the monopoly of technical definitions (principles of legality and impartiality). Historically, the appeal of ROL derived from the distinction between “empire of laws” (rule by law) and “empire of men” (rule under men). Today, both practitioners and scholars refer to ROL as an aggregate of legal rules and institutions, but also as a variety of informal discursive practices aimed at legitimising those rules and institutions.One-size-fits-all definitions can obviously be found, but they suffer from tremendously high levels of generality. Once we acknowledge the need for distinctions, however, we find too many. The long-standing distinction between thin (or procedural) and thick (or substantive) conceptions of ROL has been debated at great length, as has the difference between rule of law, rule by law etc. At this point there is little to be gained by further restatements of these basic distinctions. However, abandoning this debate will not reduce the number of competing conceptions: Rechtsstaat, État de droit, Estado de derecho. Moreover, the continental civil law tradition also developed other concepts that are smeared into the Anglo-Saxon formula, including certezza del diritto, sécurité juridique, etc. We should also ask whether Chinese fazhi is or might be a Far Eastern equivalent to rule of law.A promising start is then to go beyond the consensus omnia of international declarations and shed light on the arguments of those who do not estimate that rule of law enhances concord. ROL appears to be equivocal and often (covertly) value-laden both in ordinary language and scholarly literature. Three criticisms of rule of law are taken into consideration. One criticism holds it to be a case of law-fare: Not a mere technical device, ROL is rather an instrument for hegemony. Another criticism holds ROL to be a Western invention (legal Occidentalism): What is being questioned is not a specific set of institutions that may, rightly or wrongly, be identified as “Western (rule of) law.” The challenge goes deeper and concerns the epistemological status of law itself. A third criticism comes from “global constitutionalism.” The ideal of ROL is not questioned as much as the way it is currently practiced: Since it lacks effectiveness, it is unsatisfactory. Given that constitutionalism, at state level, implied that constitutions made legislative power respect the constitution, advocates of international constitutionalism calls for such a paradigmatic change in the international arena.These arguments show that ROL is no “magic bullet” : Its banner was used as a synonym for an independent judiciary, but came to include democracy, rights, civil society and many more. This conceptual overstretch explains why rule of law is not likely to promote global concord.In section two, it seems prima facie that “harmony” has much higher odds for being a stepping stone for lasting peace: The concept has figured prominently in both Eastern and Western philosophical traditions where it indicates concord, equilibrium between forces resulting in peace, in opposition to disorder (chaos in the Greek tradition and luan in the Chinese tradition). The order emerging from harmony is a composition of differences and not merely a sum of unities. On a social level, harmony is a relational concept and hints to concert or absence of contradiction in relationships between individuals and/or groups. Contrarily to rule of law, we do not deal with an essentially contested concept: its structure is not seriously questioned. Moreover, contrarily to ROL, we have a clear referent: The CCP’s commitment to “building a harmonious society” was officially announced in 2002 and has since been added to the basic line in its constitution.Here, the arguments of those who disbelieve the emancipating strength of harmony have to be addressed. First, there is the legal positivist’s objection: Harmony amounts to natural law-talk that suffers, ultimately, from abusing Hume’s principle. Secondly, there is the criticism of the liberal democrat: Let aside the epistemological and theoretical nature of the concept, in the realm of practical reason harmony implies an essential (and fix) hierarchy of people that will inevitably lead to autocratic political regimes. The overall idea is that the harmonious order does not take controversy seriously: contradictions have to be eradicated or hidden in order to promote (apparent) stability. Harmony would then only amount to a cover-up status quo, based on manufactured consensus.In conclusion, I suggest that there are two lessons to be learnt if we want to overcome the cultural divides of the West-östlicher Diwan: From the rule of law, we must hence learn again the fundamental lesson of impartiality as an indispensable element in applying the principle of justice. From harmony, we must refine our understanding of the complex ways in which social cohesion is enhanced and without which no order is sustainable.
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| 4. |
- Farkas, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Uptake and effects of manufactured silver nanoparticles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill cells.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1514 .- 0166-445X. ; 101:1, s. 117-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoparticles are already widely used in technology, medicine and consumer products, but there are limited data on their effects on the aquatic environment. In this study the uptake and effect of citrate (AgNP(CIT)) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (AgNP(PVP)) coated manufactured silver nanoparticles, as well as AgNO(3) (Ag(+)) were tested using primary gill cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Prior to use, the nanoparticles were characterized for size, surface charge and aggregation behavior. Gill cells were cultured either as monolayers on solid support, or as multilayers on a permeable support cell culturing system, enabling transport studies. The uptake of silver nanoparticles and Ag(+) after exposure to 10 mg L(-1) was determined with microscopical methods and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cytotoxicity, in terms of membrane integrity, as well as oxidative stress (depletion of reduced glutathione) was tested at silver concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg L(-1) to 10 mg L(-1). Results show that AgNP(CIT) nanoparticles are readily taken up into gill cell monolayers while uptake was less for AgNP(PVP). In contrast, it appears that the slightly smaller AgNP(PVP) were transported through cultured multilayers to a higher extent, with transport rates generally being in the ng cm(-2) range for 48 h exposures. Transport rates for all exposures were dependent on the epithelial tightness. Moderate cytotoxic effects were seen for all silver treatments. Levels of reduced glutathione were elevated in contrast to control groups, pointing on a possible overcompensation reaction. Taken together silver nanoparticles were taken up into cells and did cause silver transport over cultured epithelial layers with uptake and transport rates being different for the two nanoparticle species. All silver treatments had measurable effects on cell viability.
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| 5. |
- Vang, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural clusters, global-local linkages and spillovers : Theoretical and empirical insights from an exploratory study of Toronto's film cluster
- 2007
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 14:4, s. 401-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the importance of global-local linkages for the development of indigenous production in cultural clusters by analyzing the interplay between the indigenous film production cluster in Toronto, Canada, and Hollywood's runaway productions. Global-local linkages are at the forefront of the current debate in cluster studies, the discussion has so far had only a limited impact on the research on cultural clusters. The paper identifies the limitations to the dominant cluster models to explain the difficulties for Toronto to develop its indigenous cultural cluster. The inclusion of the global linkages in the analysis of the Toronto film cluster provides a new insight into the current development potentials and barriers faced by the indigenous film industry.
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| 6. |
- Groth, Sanne Krogh
(författare)
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Composers on Stage : Ambiguous authorship in contemporary music performance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Contemporary Music Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0749-4467 .- 1477-2256. ; 35:6, s. 686-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, workflows within the field of contemporary classical music have changed drastically. Increasingly, composers are active in the process of creating and co-creating performances, not only the auditory dimensions but also the visual design and theatrical staging. The practice has recently been termed The New Discipline (Walshe, 2016). Of particular interest to the present article are composers of this practice taking part in the performance itself, not as professional musicians but involving themselves in other ways. The article explores the ambivalent authorship at stake in these performances, arguing that they appear to be projects that reveal the processes of musical performance in ways that undermine the Romantic idea of the composer while concurrently celebrating that very same idea through their exposition and staging of the composer. The examples used to illustrate my argument are analyses of All the Time (Hodkinson 2001), Buenos Aires (Steen-Andersen 2014) and Ord for Ord (Rønsholdt 2014).
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| 7. |
- Mangell, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Lactobacillus plantarum 299v inhibits Escherichia coli-induced intestinal permeability.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - 1573-2568. ; 47:3, s. 511-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this work was to investigate whether a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, could affect Escherichia coli-induced passage of mannitol across the intestinal wall. Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated for one week by either tube feeding with L. plantarum 299v twice daily, free access to L. plantarum 299v by adding the bacterium in the drinking water, or negative control receiving regular feeding. Intestinal segments were mounted in Ussing chambers and the mucosa was exposed to control medium, E. coli, and L. plantarum 299v (alone or together). [14C]Mannitol was added as a marker of intestinal permeability and samples were taken from the serosal side. E. coli exposure induced a 53% increase in mannitol passage across the intestinal wall (P < 0.05). One week of pretreatment with L. plantarum 299v in the drinking water abolished the E. coli-induced increase in permeability. Tube feeding for one week or short-term addition of L. plantarum 299v in the Ussing chambers had no effect on the permeability provoked by E. coli challenge. Notably, L. plantanum 299v itself did not change the intestinal passage of mannitol. These data demonstrate that pretreatment with L. plantarum 299v, which is a probiotic bacterium, protects against E. coli-induced increase in intestinal permeability, and that L. plantarum 299v alone has no influence on the intestinal permeability. Thus, this study supports the concept that probiotics may exert beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract.
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| 10. |
- Arvidson, Markus, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Work as loyalty? : Playfully theorizing two concepts
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this presentation we playfully theorizing the concepts of work and loyalty. It is not unusual to see these concepts related to each other in different ways – loyalty in the workplace and in organizations is a well known phenomenon. But here we intend to take one step further: we explore the possibilities for treating work and loyalty as synonymous. In our previous research we have defined loyalty as a ”binding to something specific”. This binding can exist in many different forms - for example in negative form (as absence of disloyalty), and in positive form (loyalty in form of presence – as emotions and commitment). We have identified six forms of positive loyalty. Vertical-involuntary loyalty, vertical-voluntary, horizontal-involuntary, horizontal-voluntary. Among the positive loyalty forms we also find two forms of self-loyalty – voluntary and involuntary. In our playful theorizing with the two concepts we look for interesting etymological similarities between the words and concepts. One similarity concerns ”legal” aspects of both concepts. Loyalty has roots in the french word ”loi”, and in some definitions of ”work” there is a notion of work as ”legal fulfilment”. In our playful way of theorizing we continue our effort to practice a ”conceptual archaeology” and thereby use some older nearly forgotten research about both work and loyalty. But we also make some important connections to new research. Methodologically we are inspired by Richard Swedberg´s approach of theorizing. Also Karlsson and Bergman´s ideas about the importance of theorizing have influenced us.
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