| 1. |
- Edner, Ann, et al.
(författare)
-
Low risk of transmission of pathogenic bacteria between children and the assistance dog during animal-assisted if strict rules are followed
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hospital Infection. - : Elsevier. - 0195-6701 .- 1532-2939. ; 115, s. 5-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the bacterial transmission between patients and dogs during dog assisted therapy (DAT). Twenty children (55% girls) with a median age of 7 years (range 3-17 years) were included. Two dogs assisted and the conditions were more restricted hygienically with dog 2. Samples from child and dog were collected and cultured before and after each DAT visit. The results showed that dog 1 transmitted bacteria repeatedly to the children. No bacteria were transmitted with dog 2. In conclusion, exchange of bacteria can occur between dog and child during DAT, but it can be reduced by simple infection control measures. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Healthcare Infection Society.
|
|
| 2. |
- Fraenkel, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
The First Swedish Outbreak with VIM-2-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Occurring between 2006 and 2007, Was Probably Due to Contaminated Hospital Sinks
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI. - 2076-2607. ; 11:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an increasing clinical problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the first outbreak of a Verona integron-borne metallo-ss-lactamase (VIM)-2-producing P. aeruginosa strain in Sweden and its expansion in the region. A cluster of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa appeared at two neighbouring hospitals in 2006. The isolates were characterized by PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole-genome sequencing. Patient charts, laboratory records, and hygiene routines were reviewed, and patients, staff, and the environment were screened. The investigation revealed a clonal outbreak of a VIM-2-producing P. aeruginosa strain belonging to the high-risk clonal complex 111, susceptible only to gentamicin and colistin. No direct contact between patients could be established, but most of them had stayed in certain rooms/wards weeks to months apart. Cultures from two sinks yielded growth of the same strain. The outbreak ended when control measures against the sinks were taken, but new cases occurred in a tertiary care hospital in the region. In conclusion, when facing prolonged outbreaks with this bacterium, sinks and other water sources in the hospital environment should be considered. By implementing proactive control measures to limit the bacterial load in sinks, the waterborne transmission of P. aeruginosa may be reduced.
|
|
| 3. |
- Gideskog, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Cluster of S. maltophilia among patients with respiratory tract infections at an intensive care unit
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Infection Prevention in Practice. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0889. ; 2:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is associated with respiratory tract infections in immunocompromised patients, and it has emerged as an important nosocomial patho- gen, with admission to intensive care units (ICUs) and ventilators as recognized risk factors.Aim: To describe the investigation of a sudden increase in patients with pneumonia caused by S. maltophilia at a Swedish ICU and the control measures taken.Methods: Lower respiratory tract cultures from patients admitted to the ICU were obtained, and environmental cultures were collected from sink drains and medical equipment. Isolates identified as S. maltophilia were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS).Findings: A total of 17 S. maltophilia isolates were found (four from patients and 13 from the environment). The WGS identified two outbreak clones, sequence type (ST) 361 and ST138, and seven unique ones. Most likely, the outbreak clones originated from two sinks, and transmission was enhanced by a calorimeter. After changing the sink and calorimeter routines, no more cases were registered.Conclusion: Acquisition of S. maltophilia from the hospital environment appears to be easy, especially if water is involved. To control this bacterium, better knowledge of its transmission routes in hospital environments is required.
|
|
| 4. |
- Gideskog, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Source Control of Gram-Negative Bacteria Using Self-Disinfecting Sinks in a Swedish Burn Centre
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI. - 2076-2607. ; 11:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several retrospective studies have identified hospital sinks as reservoirs of Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the bacterial transmission from sinks to patients and if self-disinfecting sinks could reduce this risk. Samples were collected weekly from sinks (self-disinfecting, treated with boiling water, not treated) and patients in the Burn Centre at Linkoping University Hospital, Sweden. The antibiotic susceptibility of Gram-negative isolates was tested, and eight randomly chosen patient isolates and their connected sink isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). Of 489 sink samples, 232 (47%) showed growth. The most frequent findings were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 130), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 128), and Acinetobacter spp. (n = 55). Bacterial growth was observed in 20% of the samplings from the self-disinfecting sinks and in 57% from the sinks treated with boiling water (p = 0.0029). WGS recognized one transmission of Escherichia coli sampled from an untreated sink to a patient admitted to the same room. In conclusion, the results showed that sinks can serve as reservoirs of Gram-negative bacteria and that self-disinfecting sinks can reduce the transmission risk. Installing self-disinfecting sinks in intensive care units is an important measure in preventing nosocomial infection among critically ill patients.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Nokso-Koivisto, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Otitis media : Interactions between host and environment, immune and inflammatory responses
- 2024
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 176
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo review and highlight progress in otitis media (OM) research in the areas of immunology, inflammation, environmental influences and host-pathogen responses from 2019 to 2023. Opportunities for innovative future research were also identified.Data sourcesPubMed database of the National Library of Medicine.Review methodsKey topics were assigned to each panel member for detailed review. Search of the literature was from June 2019 until February 2023. Draft reviews were collated, circulated, and discussed among panel members at the 22nd International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media in June 2023. The final manuscript was prepared and approved by all the panel members.ConclusionsImportant advances were identified in: environmental influences that enhance OM susceptibility; polymicrobial middle ear (ME) infections; the role of adaptive immunity defects in otitis-proneness; additional genes linked to OM; leukocyte contributions to OM pathogenesis and recovery; and novel interventions in OM based on host responses to infection. Innovative areas of research included: identification of novel bacterial genes and pathways important for OM persistence, bacterial adaptations and evolution that enhance chronicity; animal and human ME gene expression, including at the single-cell level; and Sars-CoV-2 infection of the ME and Eustachian tube.d
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Tegehall, Angie, et al.
(författare)
-
A decisive bridge between innate immunity and the pathognomonic morphological characteristics of type 1 diabetes demonstrated by instillation of heat-inactivated bacteria in the pancreatic duct of rats
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Nature. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 59:8, s. 1011-1018
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Periductal inflammation and accumulation of granulocytes and monocytes in the periislet area and in the exocrine pancreas is observed within hours after instillation of heat-inactivated bacteria in the ductal compartment of the pancreas in healthy rats. The present investigation was undertaken to study how the acute inflammation developed over time. Methods Immunohistochemical evaluation of the immune response triggered by instillation of heat-inactivated bacteria in the ductal compartment in rats. Results After three weeks, the triggered inflammation had vanished and pancreases showed normal morphology. However, a distinct accumulation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within and adjacent to affected islets was found in one-third of the rats instilled with heat-inactivated E. faecalis, mimicking the insulitis seen at onset of human T1D. As in T1D, this insulitis affected a minority of islets and only certain lobes of the pancreases. Notably, a fraction of the T cells expressed the CD103 antigen, mirroring the recently reported presence of tissue resident memory T cells in the insulitis in humans with recent onset T1D. Conclusions The results presented unravel a previously unknown interplay between innate and acquired immunity in the formation of immunopathological events indistinguishable from those described in humans with recent onset T1D.
|
|
