| 1. |
- Gao, Hongyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Monostatic MIMO radar direction finding in impulse noise
- 2021
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Ingår i: Digital Signal Processing: A Review Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1051-2004. ; 117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work considers direction-finding using a monostatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar in the presence of impulsive noise. Employing a novel low-order covariance-based exponential kernel function, the proposed maximum likelihood (ML) formulation exploits an introduced quantum whale optimization algorithm (QWOA) to form the direction estimates. The resulting estimates are shown to be robust to the presence of impulsive noise, offering preferable performance as compared to recent related approaches, even in cases when the number of available snapshots is small.
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| 2. |
- Gao, Menghan
(författare)
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Life course determinants of women’s health : from reproductive age to menopause
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the past four decades, growing evidence has indicated that characteristics such as birth weight and length of gestation are not only key indicators for infant’s health, but also predictors of adult health and disease risk. These findings lend support to the developmental origins of health and disease theory. However, evidence remains inconclusive in terms of female hormone-related disorders, including endometriosis and perimenopausal disorders. Also, little is known about the social patterning of these female health burdens from population-based studies. Furthermore, the psychological health of women with endometriosis has not been adequately explored in longitudinal studies. Based on identified knowledge gaps and taking advantage of Swedish high-quality population-based registers, this thesis aims to study how factors operating during early life, such as parental and birth characteristics, adult socioeconomic and reproductive factors are associated with subsequent risks of endometriosis and perimenopausal disorders. Further, it explores whether women with endometriosis have higher risk of psychiatric comorbidity. Study I explored the associations of early life social and health characteristics with risk of endometriosis in a cohort of the second generation of women from the Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study. Lower birth weight-for-gestational age, fewer births, and previous infertility disorder were found to be associated with an increased risk of endometriosis. Nevertheless, the inverse association between low birth weight-for-gestational age and endometriosis could not be explained by women’s lower number of live births in adulthood. Study II replicated the original findings in Study I in a nationwide population-based cohort of females born in Sweden between 1973 and 1987. This study confirmed the inverse association between fetal growth rate and risk of endometriosis, and expanded Study I by showing associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy and lower maternal education with endometriosis risk in early to mid-adulthood. The study also found a part of the association between maternal smoking and risk of early-onset of endometriosis was due to slow fetal growth. Study III focused on the psychological health of women with endometriosis by assessing the bi-directional associations of endometriosis with all psychiatric disorders, as well as the role of familial confounding, in a nationwide cohort of all women born in Sweden in 1973-1990. Statistically significant bi-directional associations were found for endometriosis with many different types of psychiatric disorders, including affective psychotic disorders, depressive, anxiety and stress-related disorders, eating disorders, alcohol/drug dependence, personality disorders, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. These bi-directional associations observed at the population level largely remained in comparisons between exposed and unexposed sisters, suggesting that shared familial liability may not fully explain these associations. Study IV investigated the developmental origins of three subtypes of perimenopausal disorders using the same cohort as Study I. Positive association between birth weight and a clinical diagnosis of menopausal and climacteric states was found. Higher risk of being diagnosed with other perimenopausal disorders (e.g., atrophic vaginitis) was observed among women born with shorter gestational age. This study also documented that women with higher parental and own educational level in adulthood were more likely to be diagnosed with perimenopausal disorders. Taken together, this thesis supports the developmental origins of two important female hormone-related disorders during reproductive age and menopause, namely endometriosis and perimenopausal disorders. Our findings highlight the importance of intrauterine environment in shaping the developmental adaptations of metabolism and organ function. In addition to the developmental origins, these female health burdens were associated with a range of socioeconomic and reproductive factors as well as mental health in earlier life. It is therefore important to take a life-course perspective for a greater understanding of the etiology of hormone-related health outcomes and consider potential targeting of the high-risk groups for earlier public health intervention.
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| 3. |
- Gondek, Dawid, et al.
(författare)
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Inequality in hospitalization due to non-communicable diseases in Sweden : Age-cohort analysis of the Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: SSM - Population Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8273. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to investigate cohort differences in age trajectories of hospitalization due to non-communicable conditions, and if these varied by paternal socioeconomic position. We used the Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study-including virtually complete information on medical diagnoses. Our sample constituted 28,448 individuals (103,262 observations). The outcome was five-year prevalence of hospitalization due to major non-communicable conditions in 1989-2008. The exposures were age (19-91), year-of-birth (1915-1929; 1938-1972), gender (man vs woman), and parental socioeconomic position (low, medium, and high). We used multilevel logit models to examine associations between exposures and the hospitalization outcome. Younger cohorts had a higher prevalence of hospitalization at overlapping ages than those born earlier, with inter-cohort differences emerging from early-adulthood and increasing with age. For instance, at age 40 predicted probability of hospitalization increased across birth-cohorts-from 1.2% (born in 1948-52) to 2.0% (born in 1963-67)-whereas at age 50 it was 2.9% for those born in 1938-42 compared with 4.6% among participants born in 1953-57. Those with medium and low socioeconomic position had 13.0% and 20.0% higher odds of experiencing hospitalization during the observation period, respectively-when age, year-of-birth and gender were accounted for. We found that no progress was made in reducing the socioeconomic inequalities in hospitalization across cohorts born between 1915 and 1972. Hence, more effective policies and interventions are needed to reduce the overall burden of morbidity-particularly among the most vulnerable.
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| 4. |
- Huang, Renlun, et al.
(författare)
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Research Trends and Regulation of CCL5 in Prostate Cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: OncoTargets and Therapy. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1178-6930. ; 14, s. 1417-1427
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered as the most common cancer of urologic neoplasms, and its development and prognosis are associated with many factors. Chemokine receptor signaling combine with advances in advanced clinicopathological characteristics have provided new insights into the molecular landscape of prostate cancer. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) is an important member of the CC subfamily of chemokines. The expression of chemokine CCL5 is positively correlated with poor prognostic features in patients with PCa. Current study suggested that CCL5/CCR5 axis plays a significant role in the proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance of prostate cancer cells and promotes self-renewal of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs). Due to the major domination in CCL5 by prostate cancer and the high cancer-specific mortality with prostate cancer, research on the CCL5/CCR5 axis effective antagonists is widespread application. However, challenges for precision oncology of CCL5/CCR5 axis and effective antagonists in CRPC remain. Herein, we summarized the crucial role of CCL5 in promoting the development of PCa and discussed the antitumor application of the antagonists of CCL5/CCR5 axis.
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