| 1. |
- Nicklasson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the role of pores during strength testing in compacts made from different particle size fractions of sucrose
- 2007
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Ingår i: Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin. - : Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. - 0009-2363 .- 1347-5223. ; 55:1, s. 29-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pores in the fracture of circular compacts and to predict compact properties and critical crack lengths. Four different particle size fractions of sucrose, ranging from 20 to 500 mu m, were compressed into circular discs (i.e. flat tablets) and rectangular beam specimens of porosity between 30 and 14%. Modelling of the relationship between the tensile strength of the circular discs and the compact porosity indicated extensive fragmentation during compaction for particles in the size range of 250500 mu m, accompanied by a change in densification mechanism for very coarse particles (355-500 mu m). When determining the critical stress intensity factor from rectangular single edge notched beam specimens by 3-point bending, an apparent influence of particle size on the values could be seen, whereby here the results indicated that the critical particle size for fragmentation to occur is about 20-40 mu m. It was possible to predict the critical stress intensity factor of the compacts from the median pore size and the tensile strength of the circular disc specimens by interpolation of the critical crack length for propagation to occur. The results indicated that for sucrose compacts regardless of their porosity, the pores themselves acted as stress concentrators, not as sharp cracks. For sucrose compacts, crack propagation hence proceeds most likely along grain boundaries.
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kolmert, Johan
(författare)
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Quantification of inflammatory mediators to explore molecular mechanisms and sub-phenotypes of asthma
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis summarizes a series of studies using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry methodologies to quantify metabolites of fatty acids (i.e., oxylipins) and histamine in different samples from experimental models and clinical studies with the overall aim to define mechanisms and identify biomarkers for improved sub-phenotyping of asthma. Asthma is characterized by variable airflow obstruction, hyperresponsiveness and chronic inflammation in the airways. The substantial overlap among clinical descriptors has resulted in difficulties to establish diagnosis and predict response to treatment. Instead, a shift in focus towards identifying specific cellular and molecular mechanisms has emerged, aiming to define new treatable traits based on specific cellular and molecular pathways (defined as endotypes). Important pathobiological components involve the release of potent inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs), that cause bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. A rapid hydrophilic interaction chromatography method failed to quantify the major histamine metabolite 1,4-methyl-5-imidazoleacetic acid (tele-MIAA) due to ion suppression from inorganic salts present in urine. Ion-pairing chromatography was therefore employed and the resulting increase in precision enabled the detection of higher baseline levels of tele-MIAA in females compared to males (3.0 vs. 2.1 μmol/mmol creatinine, respectively) (Paper I). In addition, levels of tele-MIAA reached up to 30 μmol/mmol creatinine in spot urine samples from mastocytosis patients. Three liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods quantified 130 oxylipins and were able to define kinetic release and enzymatic contribution of mast cell-derived mediators to smooth muscle contraction using isolated and intact airways from humans and guinea pigs in vitro. PGD2 levels were elevated 24-hour post anti-IgE stimulation of human bronchus, suggesting a prolonged mast cell activation (Paper II). Furthermore, exposure to house dust mite (HDM) induced strong release of lipoxygenase-derived LTB4, 5,15-DiHETE, 15-HETE and 15-HEDE along with eosinophilic infiltration in a C57BL/6 murine model of asthma. Interestingly, high levels of cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLTs) remained unchanged suggesting a different role of CysLTs in mice (Paper III). Urinary profiles of 11 eicosanoid metabolites in 100 healthy control subjects and 497 asthmatics defined normal baseline levels and revealed increased concentration of PGs, LTE4 and isoprostanes with asthma severity. Consensus clustering of 497 asthmatics identified a five-cluster model with distinct clinical characteristics, which included two new phenotypes, U1 and U5, with low levels of thromboxanes and PGs respectively (Paper IV). At the 12 to 18-month longitudinal time point for the 302 subjects with severe asthma, z-scored eicosanoid concentrations retained the five-cluster profile, despite technical and intra-subject variability. In conclusion, the developed bioanalytical methods were applied to define levels of histamine and eicosanoid metabolites in urine from healthy subjects. In addition, release of multiple oxylipins following mast cell-mediated bronchoconstriction and HDM-induced airway inflammation in model systems were explored to relate functions to levels of lipid mediators. For the first time, grouping of asthmatics according to profiles of eicosanoid metabolites in urine was performed and demonstrated sufficient resolution to identify five sub-phenotypes of asthma possessing distinct clinical characteristics. The presented approaches, for both in vitro and in vivo respiratory research, offer an opportunity to progress the development of new treatment options and suggests a panel of PGs, LTE4 and isoprostanes to be further validated as diagnostic markers in patients with asthma.
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| 5. |
- Langbehn, D, et al.
(författare)
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A new model for prediction of the age of onset and penetrance for Huntington's disease based on CAG length.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical Genetics. - : Wiley. - 0009-9163 .- 1399-0004. ; 65:4, s. 267-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an unstable CAG repeat. For patients at risk, participating in predictive testing and learning of having CAG expansion, a major unanswered question shifts from "Will I get HD?" to "When will it manifest?" Using the largest cohort of HD patients analyzed to date (2913 individuals from 40 centers worldwide), we developed a parametric survival model based on CAG repeat length to predict the probability of neurological disease onset (based on motor neurological symptoms rather than psychiatric onset) at different ages for individual patients. We provide estimated probabilities of onset associated with CAG repeats between 36 and 56 for individuals of any age with narrow confidence intervals. For example, our model predicts a 91% chance that a 40-year-old individual with 42 repeats will have onset by the age of 65, with a 95% confidence interval from 90 to 93%. This model also defines the variability in HD onset that is not attributable to CAG length and provides information concerning CAG-related penetrance rates.
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| 6. |
- Mesodiakaki, Agapi, et al.
(författare)
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Energy-efficient Context-aware User Association for Outdoor Small Cell Heterogeneous Networks
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC). - : IEEE. - 9781479920037 ; , s. 1614-1619
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To meet the ever-increasing traffic demands, future cellular networks are about to include a plethora of small cells (SCs), with user equipments (UEs) being able of communicating via multiple bands. Given that SCs are expected to be eventually as close as 50 m apart, some of them will not have a direct connection to the core network, and thus will forward their traffic to the neighboring SCs until they reach it. In such architectures, the user association problem becomes challenging with backhaul (BH) energy consumption playing a key role. Thus, in this paper, we study the user association problem aiming at maximizing the network energy efficiency. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem, which is NP-hard. Therefore, we propose a cognitive heuristic algorithm that exploits context-aware information (i.e., UE measurements and requirements, the HetNet architecture knowledge and the available spectrum resources of each base station (BS)) to associate the UEs in an energy-efficient way, while considering both the access and the BH energy consumption. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm under two study-case scenarios and we prove that it achieves significantly higher energy efficiency than the reference algorithms, while maintaining high spectral efficiency.
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| 7. |
- Montanari, Celine, et al.
(författare)
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Interface tailoring by a versatile functionalization platform for nanostructured wood biocomposites
- 2020
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Ingår i: Green Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9262 .- 1463-9270. ; 22:22, s. 8012-8023
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood templates are promising biobased substrates that can be functionalized for controlled nanostructure, and the development of novel nanotechnologies. A sustainable, selective and versatile chemical functionalization platform for cellulosic wood templates is developed. Bulk wood templates are delignified using peracetic acid, and the nanoporous delignified wood templates are functionalized with cyclic anhydrides (maleic, itaconic and succinic) from renewable resources. The synthetic pathway uses solvent-free reaction conditions, short reaction times, and has possibilities for chemical recovery. Anhydrides become covalently attached inside the nanoporous wood cell wall and yields wood templates with lower moisture sorption, preserved nano- and ultrastructure, and high degree of esterification with carboxyl content as high as 3.93 mmol g−1. The functionalization platform enables interface tailoring at the molecular scale with possibility for further reaction and covalent modifications. This is demonstrated by the preparation of transparent wood biocomposites. The biocomposites exhibit controlled wood–polymer interfacial adhesion with high optical transmittance. The favorable interaction mechanisms at the cell wall level result in mechanically strong biocomposites.
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| 8. |
- Ossiannilsson, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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OER-spelet: inspireras och lär dig mer om öppna lärresurser genom sällskapsspel
- 2012
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 125-131
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Öppna lärresurser (Open Educational Resources, OER) har än inte fått genomslagskraft inom svensk högre utbildning trots flera bra initiativ och projekt. Många lärare känner till OER och creative commons (cc). Relativt få delar dock sina resurser och än färre använder andras resurser, oftast på grund av bristande medvetenhet om utbudet och farhågor kring kvalitet och rättigheter. Det är inte heller vanligt med samverkan i produktion av OER. Studenter inom högre utbildning börjar i allt högre utsträckning ställa krav på användning av OER, samt att också vara delaktiga och ansvariga, prosumers, för användning och produktion av utbildningsmaterial och användargenererat innehåll. Internationellt finns ett enormt utbud av öppna lärresurser. OER rörelsen idag fokuserar framför allt på policies, riktlinjer och att utveckla en praxis och kultur som myndigheter och lärosäten bör tillämpa för att bäst utnyttja dessa resurser. En mer strategisk fokusering på öppen utbildning i Sverige skulle kunna skapa bättre grogrund för kvalitet med goda exempel av design och användning av OER och tillämpning av en öppen delningskultur med cc. Workshopens syfte är att deltagarna får möjlighet att bekanta sig med centrala begrepp och några större internationella projekt inom OER samt att upptäcka relationer mellan OER, användargenererat material, Webb 2.0 verktyg och associerade nätverk i en bekant, kollaborativ miljö, nämligen ett sällskapsspel. Spelet går ut på att deltagarna ska samarbeta och dela med sig av sina erfarenheter och kunskaper om OER och relaterade områden. Under spelets gång delas kunskaper och erfarenheter av olika begrepp, organisationer, projekt och verktyg inom OER och nätbaserat lärande. Genom att använda en bekant spelmiljö som grund för att närma sig kända eller okända företeelser blir spelet en upptäcktsresa och visar hur spel genom innovativ pedagogik kan ersätta till exempel föreläsningar för att presentera nya begrepp för en grupp studenter. Vårt spel, inspirerat av det välkända Monopolspelet och OERopoly spelet (Connolly, Makriyannis De Liddo et. al, 2010, Connolly, Wilson, Makriyannis et. al, 2011) har vidareutvecklats för svenska förhållanden. I stark kontrast mot originalet ligger betoningen i detta spel på kollaboration och delning mer än av konkurrens.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Van Hoye, Aurélie, et al.
(författare)
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How do sports clubs contribute to health? From theory to interventions
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 32:Suppl. 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The symposium presents last findings on health promotion interventions in sports clubs. After a short introduction about the health promoting sports clubs (HPSC), five presentations (France, Sweden, Ireland, Finland and Netherlands) will reflect upon how sports clubs can be health promoting: in theory, from youth perspectives, by increasing physical activity level as outcome or enhancing sustainability of interventions, before opening the discussion with academic experts. Presentation 1 describes an iterative international process, implicating three groups (French sport students, French and Swedish experts) to create an intervention theory, based on the HPSC model. Presentation 2 focuses on a cross-sectional study investigating 123 Swedish youth's representation of sports clubs' role towards health promotion, identifying social dimension, environment, coaches, amount and ambition of practice as key factors. Presentation 3 is a longitudinal study among 366 adolescents, followed from age 15 to age 19, questioning the participation to organised sport practice and their orientation (leisure or competitive). Results have shown that by the age of 19, 33% of boys and 43% of girls have dropped out of organised sport, where 45% of boys and 26% of girls continued participation. Adolescents with a competitive goal orientation were more likely to continue participation. Presentation 4 is a longitudinal study among 131 youth measuring objective physical activity before and in the middle of a sport season. Principal results showed a significant change across time point, as well as differences between gender (a decrease in moderate to vigorous physical activity during games for boys and an increase for girls). Presentation 5 examined factors that influenced the sustainability of 14 Dutch sporting program aimed at increasing physical activity among inactive people 6.5 years after their implementation. Interviews with representatives of Dutch National Sports Federations and sports clubs helped to identify facilitating and impeding factors, like program adaptation, evaluation, financing and factors related to human resources. Question and Answer will be organised around the key ingredients and challenges facing the development of HPSC interventions, such as implementation of theoretical background, sport participants need consideration, complexity of outcomes evaluation of HPSC and program sustainability.
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