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- Augustsson, Katarina, et al.
(author)
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A prospective study of intake of fish and marine fatty acids and prostate cancer
- 2003
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In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 12:1, s. 64-67
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Experimental studies suggest that marine fatty acids have an antitumor effect on prostate tumor cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether high consumption of fish and marine fatty acids reduces the risk of prostate cancer in humans. We followed 47,882 men participating in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Dietary intake was assessed in 1986, 1990, and 1994, using a validated food frequency questionnaire. During 12 years of follow-up, 2,482 cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed, of which 617 were diagnosed as advanced prostate cancer including 278 metastatic prostate cancers. Eating fish more than three times per week was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer, and the strongest association was for metastatic cancer (multivariate relative risk, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.86, compared with infrequent consumption, i.e., less than twice per month). Intake of marine fatty acids from food showed a similar but weaker association. Each additional daily intake of 0.5 g of marine fatty acid from food was associated with a 24% decreased risk of metastatic cancer. We found that men with high consumption of fish had a lower risk of prostate cancer, especially for metastatic cancer. Marine fatty acids may account for part of the effect, but other factors in fish may also play a role.
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| 2. |
- Dgedge, M, et al.
(author)
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The burden of disease in Maputo city, Mozambique : registered and autopsied deaths in 1994
- 2001
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In: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 79:6, s. 546-552
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To classify the causes of death in Maputo City, Mozambique, using the methods of the Global Burden of Disease study, in order to provide information for health policy-makers and to obtain a baseline for future studies in Maputo City and provincial capitals.Methods: Data were taken from the Maputo City death register and autopsy records for 1994.Findings: A total of 9011 deaths were recorded in the death register, representing a coverage of approximately86%. Of these, 8114 deaths (92%) were classified by cause. Communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritionaldisorders accounted for 5319 deaths; noncommunicable diseases for 1834; and injuries for 961. The 10 leadingcauses of registered deaths were perinatal disorders (1643 deaths); malaria (928); diarrhoeal diseases (814);tuberculosis (456); lower respiratory infections (416); road-traffic accidents (371); anaemia (269); cerebrovasculardiseases (269); homicide (188); and bacterial meningitis (178).Conclusions: Infectious diseases of all types, injuries, and cerebrovascular disease ranked as leading causes of death, according to both the autopsy records and the city death register. AIDS-related deaths were underreported.With HIV infection increasing rapidly, AIDS will add to the already high burden of infectious diseases and premature mortality in Maputo City. The results of the study indicate that cause of death is a useful outcome indicator for disease control programmes.
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| 3. |
- Michaud, D S, et al.
(author)
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A prospective study on intake of animal products and risk of prostate cancer
- 2001
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In: Cancer Causes and Control. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 12:6, s. 557-567
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Association between animal products and prostate cancer have been observed in numerous observational studies, but it is not clear whether the high fat content of these foods or some other component accounts for these associations. We examine these associations among 51,529 men who contributed detailed dietary data. Methods: Participants of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study completed a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire in 1986, and subsequently in 1990 and 1994. Other data on potential risk factors were collected at baseline and in subsequent questionnaires during follow-up. Between 1986 and 1996, 1897 total cases of prostate cancer (excluding stage A(1)) and 249 metastatic cancers were identified. We used pooled logistic regression for analyses of diet and prostate cancer. Results: Intakes of total meat, red meat, and dairy products were not associated with risk of total or advanced prostate cancer. An elevated risk for metastatic prostate cancer was observed with intake of red meat (relative risk (RR) = 1.6 for top vs. bottom quintile comparison, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-2.5); this association was slightly attenuated after controlling for saturated and alpha -linolenic fatty acids (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.88-2.5). Processed meats, bacon and beef, pork or lamb as a main dish each contributed to an elevated risk of metastatic prostate cancer. Dairy product intake increased risk of metastatic prostate cancer (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.91-2.2 for top vs. bottom quintile comparison), but no association remained after controlling for calcium and other fatty acids. A high intake in both red meat and dairy product was associated with a statistically significant two-fold elevation in risk of metastatic prostate cancer, compared to low intake of both products; however, most of the excess risk could be explained by known nutritional components of these foods. Conclusions: Intakes of red meat and dairy products appear to be related to increased risk of metastatic prostate cancer. While known nutrients, such as calcium and fatty acids, may explain most of the dairy association observed, it appears that a portion of the risk of metastatic prostate cancer associated with red meat intake remains unexplained.
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| 4. |
- Solan, M., et al.
(author)
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Towards a greater understanding of pattern, scale and process in marine benthic systems: a picture is worth a thousand worms
- 2003
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In: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. - 0022-0981. ; 285, s. 313-338
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Historically, advances in our knowledge of benthic community structure and functioning have necessarily relied upon destructive sampling devices (grabs, cores, anchor dredges, etc.) that lose valuable contextual information in the process of sampling. In the last 40 years, instrumentation capable of measuring dynamic events and/or processes within and immediately above the seafloor has been developed that facilitates the collection of ecological information. Of these, both acoustic and optical imaging devices have played a significant role in revealing much about the physiology and behaviour of, and interactions between benthic species, and the sedimentary habitat in which they reside. While a number of reviews have separately considered the methodological and technical aspects of imaging technologies, the collective contribution that imaging has made to benthic ecology has received less attention. In this short review, we attempt to highlight key instances over the last 40 years where either acoustic or optical-based imaging techniques have provided new ecological insights and information about fine-grained sedimentary environments. In so doing, we focus on the ecological advances that have formed the precursor to current research efforts and introduce some of the latest revelations from appropriate and emerging imaging applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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