| 1. |
- Grossi, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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Pursuing private or public accountability in the public sector? : applying IPSASs to define the reporting entity in municipal consolidation
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Administration. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 0190-0692 .- 1532-4265. ; 38:4, s. 325-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Private-sector accounting systems have often been heralded as superior to public-sector ones and suggested as solutions to the shortcomings of the latter. Our article aims at contributing to this debate by looking at the adoption of business-like practices where the public and private sectors intersect. Our analysis shows that the adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs), strongly inspired by International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), might not ensure the expected disclosure. Municipalities adopting IPSASs for preparing consolidated financial statement do not necessarily increase accountability because some relevant public service providers are not included in the reporting entities.
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| 2. |
- Guardamagna, M, et al.
(författare)
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Gut Microbiota and Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma: Focus on MAPK Pathway Inhibition
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of molecular sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 23:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut microbiome (GM) and its either pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic role is intriguing and constitutes an evolving landscape in translational oncology. It has been suggested that these microorganisms may be involved in carcinogenesis, cancer treatment response and resistance, as well as predisposition to adverse effects. In melanoma patients, one of the most immunogenic cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and MAPK-targeted therapy—BRAF/MEK inhibitors—have revolutionized prognosis, and the study of the microbiome as a modulating factor is thus appealing. Although BRAF/MEK inhibitors constitute one of the main backbones of treatment in melanoma, little is known about their impact on GM and how this might correlate with immune re-induction. On the contrary, ICI and their relationship to GM has become an interesting field of research due to the already-known impact of immunotherapy in modulating the immune system. Immune reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment has been established as one of the main targets of microbiome, since it can induce immunosuppressive phenotypes, promote inflammatory responses or conduct anti-tumor responses. As a result, ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the role of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), as well as the impact of using dietary supplements, antibiotics and probiotics in the prediction of response to therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of GM’s link to cancer, its relationship with the immune system and how this may impact response to treatments in melanoma patients. We also discuss insights about novel therapeutic approaches including FMT, changes in diet and use of probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics. Finally, we hypothesize on the possible pathways through which GM may impact anti-tumor efficacy in melanoma patients treated with targeted therapy, an appealing subject of which little is known.
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| 3. |
- Guardia Velarde, Lorena De Jesus, et al.
(författare)
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Differential breeding targets in wheat influence non-target traits related to grain quality, but not crop nitrogen requirement
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Agronomy. - 2673-3218. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wheat is considered an established crop with a long breeding history. Its varieties are being developed with differential breeding targets, e.g. high grain yield or high grain protein content. The different breeding targets strongly influence performance in the targeted traits, but may also influence non-target traits related to grain quality, biofortification potential, and nutrient accumulation. This influence of non-targeted traits may, in turn, affect the environmental performance and ecological sustainability of the crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between breeding target traits such as grain yield and grain quality, and non-target traits for three groups of spring wheat varieties differing in breeding targets, i.e. high yield (I), organic high protein (II), and intermediate (III) wheat types. Data from a field trial with nine spring wheat varieties grown under two soil compaction treatments over two years with contrasting weather were used. We found that wheat type affected most target and non-target traits with partly large effect sizes (0.874≤η 2p≤0.173) , but not nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency ( η 2p =0.006), which reflects the potential N resource requirement of the crop. Associations shown between target and non-target traits will be advantageous for wheat breeding programs. Wheat type and environment had similarly sized effects on grain yield and quality traits. Grain concentrations of various macro- and micro-nutrients were frequently, but not always, correlated, indicating that the biofortification potential varied between wheat types and was affected by environmental conditions. The grain and starch yields per accumulated plant N were higher in the wheat varieties bred for high grain yields than those bred for high grain protein content; whilst the protein yield per accumulated whole-plant N was similar across all wheat types despite much higher grain N concentrations in the high-protein varieties. Additionally, most of the evaluated traits tended to preserve their static stability across environments. The results link grain yield and grain quality traits to crop nutrient accumulation aspects relevant for the environmental performance and ecological sustainability of the crop. Future breeding strategies should consider the non-target effects in traits that influence the environmental performance of the crop.
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| 4. |
- Juslin, Patrik N, et al.
(författare)
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Communication of emotions in vocal expression and music performance : Different channels, same code?
- 2003
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Ingår i: Psychological Bulletin. - 0033-2909. ; 129:5, s. 770-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many authors have speculated about a close relationship between vocal expression of emotions and musical expression of emotions, but evidence bearing on this relationship has unfortunately been lacking. A review of 104 studies of vocal expression and 41 studies of music performance revealed similarities between the two channels concerning (a) the accuracy with which discrete emotions were communicated to listeners and (b) the emotion-specific patterns of acoustic cues used to communicate each emotion. The patterns are generally consistent with Scherer’s (1986) theoretical predictions. The results can explain why music is perceived as expressive of emotion and are consistent with an evolutionary perspective on vocal expression of emotions. Discussion focuses on hypotheses and directions for future research.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Millnert, Mille
(författare)
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Identification and Control of Systems Subject to Abrupt Changes
- 1982
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many different recursive identification methods for time varying systems have been suggested in the literature. An assumption that the variations in the system parameters are slow is common for almost all the methods. When using the methods on systems with faster variations one is forced to compromise between alertness to parameter variations on one hand and noise sensitivity on the other. The topic ofthe thesis is to investigate how such a compromise can be avoided fora certain class of systems.The systems considered are such that their dynamic changes between some different typical modes. As an example one can think of the different "flight cases" of a supersonic aircraft. The philosophy behind the approach taken in the thesis is that the observations of such a system can be separated into different sets corresponding to the different states of the system. The parameters ofthe different modes can then be estimated from the separated data sets.Technically, this parallel modelling is achieved by describing the system parameters as the realizations of a Markov-chain. An estimation algorithm for time varying systems based on this parallel modet approach is given in the thesis.The behaviour of the algorithm is analysed and problems connected to it are illustrated through simulations. The analysis and the simulations show that a major problem is the initialization of the algorithm without sufficient a priori information. Based on the analysis a procedure is given that makes it possible to use the algorithm with a minimum of a priori information.It is further shown how this recursive identification algorithm can be utilized for adaptive control. As an illustration of this, the method is used for adaptive control of a mode! of a cold rolling mill.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Millnert, Mille
(författare)
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Identification of ARX Models with Markovian Parameters
- 1987
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Ingår i: International Journal of Control. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7179 .- 1366-5820. ; 45:6, s. 2045-2058
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many different recursive identification methods for time-varying systems have been suggested in the literature. An assumption that the variations in the system parameters are slow is common for all the methods. When using the methods on systems with faster variations, one is forced to compromise between alertness to parameter variations on one hand and noise sensitivity on the other. The topic of this paper is to investigate if this compromise can be avoided for a special class of systems. The systems considered are such that their dynamic changes between some different typical modes. The philosophy behind the approach taken in the paper is to separate the observations into different sets corresponding to the different modes. The parameters of the different modes can then be estimated using the separated data sets. Technically, this parallel modelling is achieved by describing the system parameters as the realizations of a Markov chain. A parameter-identification algorithm for time-varying ARX models is then given in the paper. The behaviour of the algorithm is then investigated using simulations and some analysis. The analysis and the simulations show that a major problem is the initialization of the algorithm. Based on the analysis, modifications are made to the algorithm that improve the convergence properties.
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