| 1. |
- Bindler, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Discontinuities in the Age-Victimisation Profile and the Determinants of Victimisation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Economic Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0013-0133 .- 1468-0297. ; 134:657, s. 95-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dutch victimisation rates increase by 9%-15% immediately upon reaching ages 16 and 18. We disentangle the role of the many rights granted at these ages using offence location data, cross-cohort variation in the minimum legal drinking age driven by a 2014 reform and survey data of alcohol/drug consumption and mobility behaviours. We conclude that access to weak alcohol, bars/clubs and smoking increases victimisation at 16 and that age-18 rights (hard alcohol, marijuana coffee shops) exacerbate this risk; vehicle access does not play an important role. We find no evidence of systematic spillovers onto individuals still ineligible for these rights.
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| 2. |
- Bindler, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Discontinuities in the Age-Victimization Profile and the Determinants of Victimization
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many rights are conferred on Dutch youth at ages 16 and 18. Using national register data for all reported victimizations, we find sharp and discontinuous increases in victimization rates at these ages: about 13% for both genders at 16 and 9% (15%) for males (females) at 18. These results are comparable across subsamples (based on socio-economic and neighborhood characteristics) with different baseline victimization risks. We assess potential mechanisms using data on offense location, cross-cohort variation in the minimum legal drinking age driven by a 2014 reform, and survey data of alcohol/drug consumption and mobility behaviors. We conclude that the bundle of access to weak alcohol, bars/clubs and smoking increases victimization at 16 and that age 18 rights (hard alcohol, marijuana coffee shops) exacerbate this risk; vehicle access does not play an important role. Finally, we do not find systematic spillover effects onto individuals who have not yet received these rights.
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| 3. |
- Dadgar, Iman, 1982-
(författare)
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Essays on the economics of education and health
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Study I: This paper investigates the effect of the academic ordinal rank position of Swedish grade 9 students relative to their school peers on future educational achievement and adult earnings. The results show evidence of a positive impact of being more highly ranked in the class, and the effects are concentrated to the top and the bottom of the ordinal rank distribution. High-ability students from low-income families gained the most from having a higher ordinal rank in grade 9. The results contrast with US findings, which suggest a similar impact across the rank distribution.Study II: This paper studies the effect of a reform that increased school-level autonomy in determining how to allocate time between different subjects in Sweden. It evaluates the impact of the reform using registry data in a Difference-in-Differences framework. The results suggest that students' educational outcomes, including the subsequent choice of educational track, were not affected by the reform. However, there are some indications that students in large schools and students from low socioeconomic households may have benefited from the reform. Study III: Research suggests that increases in gross domestic product (GDP) lead to increases in traffic deaths plausibly due to the increased road traffic induced by an expanding economy. However, there also seems to exist a long-term effect of economic growth that is manifested in improved traffic safety and reduced rates of traffic deaths. Previous studies focus on either the short-term, procyclical effect, or the long-term, protective effect. The aim of the present study is to estimate the short-term and long-term effects jointly in order to assess the net impact of GDP on traffic mortality. We performed error correction modelling to estimate the short-term and long-term effects of GDP on the traffic death rates. The estimates from the error correction modelling for the entire study period suggested that a one-unit increase (US$1000) in GDP/capita yields an instantaneous short-term increase in the traffic death rate by 0.58 (p<0.001), and a long-term decrease equal to −1.59 (p<0.001). However, period-specific analyses revealed a structural break implying that the procyclical effect outweighs the protective effect in the period prior to 1976, whereas the reverse is true for the period 1976–2011. Study IV: Unemployment might affect several risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death globally. The characterization of the relation between these two phenomena is thus of great significance from a public-health perspective. The main aim of this study was to estimate the association between the unemployment rate and mortality from CVD and from coronary heart disease (CHD). We used time-series data for 32 countries spanning the period 1960–2015. We applied two alternative modelling strategies: (a) error correction modelling, provided that the data were co-integrated; and (b) first-difference modelling in the absence of co-integration. Separate models were estimated for each of five welfare state regimes with different levels of unemployment protection. We also performed country-specific ARIMA-analyses. Because the data did not prove to be co-integrated, we applied first-difference modelling. Our findings, based on data from predominantly affluent countries, suggest that heart-disease mortality does not respond to economic fluctuations.
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| 4. |
- Hjalmarsson, Randi, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of abortion on crime and crime-related behavior
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0047-2727. ; 200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 1966 abolition and 1989 legalization of abortion in Romania immediately doubled and decreased by about a third the number of births per month, respectively. Comparing birth month cohorts born on either side of the reform cut-offs allows us to cleanly identify the effect of abortion access on crime. For both the abolition and legalization of abortion, we find large and significant effects on the level of crime and risky-behavior related hospitalization, but insignificant effects on crime and hospitalization rates. We conclude with a discussion of what our results say about the mechanisms underlying the crime effects of abortion policy. CO 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Malamud, O., et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Education on Mortality and Health: Evidence from a Schooling Expansion in Romania
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Human Resources. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 58:2, s. 561-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines a schooling expansion in Romania that increased educational attainment for successive cohorts born between 1945 and 1950. We use a difference-in-regression discontinuities (D-RD) design based on school entry cutoff dates to estimate impacts on mortality using 1994-2016 Vital Statistics data, self-reported health in the 2011 Romanian Census, and hospitalizations from 1997-2017 in-patient registers. We find that the schooling reform led to significant increases in years of schooling but did not affect mortality, hospitalizations, or self-reported health. These estimates provide new evidence for the causal effect of education on mortality and health outside of high-income countries and at lower margins of educational attainment. © 2021, Journal of Human Resources All Rights Reserved.
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