| 1. |
- Adcox, K, et al.
(författare)
-
PHENIX detector overview
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 469-479
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
- Laan, Martti, 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
A role of GM-CSF in the accumulation of neutrophils in the airways caused by IL-17 and TNF-alpha
- 2003
-
Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - 0903-1936. ; 21:3, s. 387-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The T-cell cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 selectively accumulates neutrophils in murine airways in vivo and may thus constitute a link between activation of T-lymphocytes and accumulation of neutrophils. In this study, the authors evaluated the role of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in accumulation of neutrophils in the airways caused by IL-17 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. In vitro, human (h) IL-17 concentration-dependently stimulated the release of GM-CSF protein (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE). IL-17 also time-dependently stimulated the release of GM-CSF protein in venous endothelial (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) cells in vitro. Co-stimulation with IL-17 plus the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha potentiated the release of GM-CSF protein in 16HBE cells. hIL-17 also enhanced the expression of GM-CSF messenger ribonucleic acid in 16HBE cells (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), with a similar order of magnitude as TNF-alpha. Conditioned cell medium from bronchial epithelial cells co-stimulated with hIL-17 plus TNF-alpha prolonged survival (trypan blue exclusion) of human neutrophils in vitro and this effect was blocked by an anti-GM-CSF antibody. In vivo, local co-stimulation with mouse IL-17 plus TNF-alpha caused an additive potentiation of the accumulation of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from mouse airways and this effect was blocked by an anti-GM-CSF antibody given systemically. In conclusion, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor is involved in the accumulation of neutrophils in the airways caused by interleukin-17 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, probably via effects on both recruitment and survival of neutrophils.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Miyamoto, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Beta-adrenoceptor stimulation and neutrophil accumulation in mouse airways
- 2004
-
Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 24:2, s. 231-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study characterised the effect of beta-adrenoceptor stimulation on endotoxin-induced accumulation of neutrophilic granulocytes in mouse airways, where the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 are involed as mediators. The beta2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol (0.025-250 fMol) was administered intranasally in mice 24 h prior to administration of endotoxin (10 microg) intranasally. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and venous blood, respectively, was harvested (6 or 24 h) after administration of endotoxin. Salbutamol substantially decreased the number of neutrophils in BAL fluid from endotoxin-exposed (6 and 24 h) mice and this effect was dose dependent (24 h). Pretreatment with the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol attenuated the inhibitory effect of salbutamol on BAL neutrophils (6 and 24 h), an attenuation that was not due to any unspecific effect of propranolol. Salbutamol also substantially decreased IL-6, but not MIP-2 in BAL fluid (6 h). In contrast to BAL fluid, salbutamol caused a moderate increase in blood neutrophils (24 h). In conclusion, as indicated in mouse airways in vivo, beta-adrenoceptor stimulation prior to endotoxin exposure inhibits the induced accumulation of neutrophils at a time point much later than that anticipated from its bronchodilatory effect. Even though the detailed molecular mechanisms behind this sustained "anti-inflammatory" effect remain unknown, it seems likely that this effect is in part due to a decrease in the local concentration of interleukin-6.
|
|
| 5. |
- Miyamoto, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Endogenous IL-17 as a mediator of neutrophil recruitment caused by endotoxin exposure in mouse airways
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md.. - 0022-1767. ; 170:9, s. 4665-72
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously demonstrated that administration of the recently described cytokine IL-17 in rat airways in vivo recruits and activates neutrophils locally. In the current study, we examined whether endogenous IL-17 is involved in mediating neutrophil recruitment caused by endotoxin exposure in mouse airways. Our in vivo data show that local endotoxin exposure causes the release of free, soluble IL-17 protein 6 h later. Systemic pretreatment with a neutralizing anti-IL-17 Ab almost completely inhibits neutrophil recruitment 24 h, but not 6 h, after endotoxin exposure in the airways. Pretreatment with neutralizing anti-IL-6 and anti-macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 Abs inhibits neutrophil recruitment caused by local endotoxin exposure and IL-17, respectively. Our in vitro data show that endotoxin exposure stimulates the release of soluble IL-17 protein in T lymphocytes harvested from lung and spleen, respectively, and that this cytokine release requires coculture with airway macrophages. Intracellular IL-17 protein is detected in T lymphocytes from spleen but not in airway macrophages after coculture and stimulation of these two cell types. Finally, anti-IL-17 does not alter endotoxin-induced release of IL-6 and MIP-2 from T lymphocytes and airway macrophages in coculture. In conclusion, our results indicate that endotoxin exposure causes the release of IL-17 from T lymphocytes and that this cytokine release requires the presence of macrophages. Once released, endogenous IL-17 acts in part by inducing local release of neutrophil-mobilizing cytokines such as IL-6 and MIP-2, from nonlymphocyte, nonmacrophage cells, and this contributes to recruitment of neutrophils in the airways. These IL-17-related mechanisms constitute potential targets for pharmacotherapy against exaggerated neutrophil recruitment in airway disease.
|
|
| 6. |
- Zhou, Qi, et al.
(författare)
-
Phase transition of thermosensitive amphiphilic cellulose esters bearing olig(oxyethylene)s
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Polymer Bulletin. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0170-0839 .- 1436-2449. ; 45:05-apr, s. 381-388
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of cellulose esters bearing olig(oxyethylene)s with different degree of substitution (DS) and different length of the oxyethylene chain were synthesized by a homogeneous reaction of cellulose with corresponding monofunctional acid chloride in a 10% LiCl-dimethyl acetoamide (DMAc) solution. The effect of total DS value on the solubility of the derivatives in aqueous solution was investigated. It was found that the lower limit DS value for both water-soluble and amphiphilic derivatives decreases with increasing length of oxyethylene chains. The amphiphilic derivatives, which are soluble in both water and chloroform, precipitate out of aqueous solution on heating without gel forming, such a phase transition behavior was studied in terms of DS value, length of oxyethylene and concentration. The precipitation temperature (T-p) of the amphiphilic derivatives is range from 54 degreesC to 96 degreesC. It decreases with increasing the total DS value, and increases with an increase in the length of oxyethylene chains. The T-p value of the derivatives was found to be almost independent in the concentration range of 1-15 wt %, however the T-p value increases sharply with decreasing polymer concentration when the concentration is lower than 1 wt%.
|
|
| 7. |
- Zhou, Qi, et al.
(författare)
-
Synthesis and properties of O-2- 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy acetyl cellulose
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Polymer Science Part A. - 0887-624X .- 1099-0518. ; 39:3, s. 376-382
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, a series of O-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy] acetyl celluloses with different degree of substitution (DS) values was synthesized by a homogeneous reaction of cellulose with 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy] acetyl chloride in a 10% (w/w) dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride solution, combined with pyridine as the acid acceptor. The total DS values of the derivatives in anhydroglucose units was determined by H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra, and ranged from 0.4 to 3.0, depending on the amount of acid chloride in the reaction. The effects of the total DS values and the O-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetyl acetyl substituent distribution on the solubility of the derivatives were investigated. The lowest limit of the DS value for water-soluble 0-2-[2-(2methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetyl cellulose was approximately 0.5, which is lower than that of methylcellulose. The amphiphilic derivatives with higher DS values than 1.7 exhibited a good solubility in both water and organic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, and chloroform. Sol-gel transition in aqueous solution was observed for the amphiphilic derivatives with a higher DS value than 1.7; the precipitation temperature (T-p) decreased as the DS value increased, showing that the derivatives are highly temperature sensitive. The thermal properties of the fully substituted derivative were measured using polarized microscopy, DSC, and X-ray diffraction; and are dis cussed in terms of phase transition of the sample derivatives.
|
|
