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- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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- Lindqvist Bagge, Ann-Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Somatic effects of AAS abuse : A 30-years follow-up study of male former power sports athletes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. - : Elsevier BV. - 1440-2440 .- 1878-1861. ; 20:9, s. 814-818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to investigate the association between somatic health and former abuse of AAS in former elite male athletes 30 years after the end of their active sports career.DesignRetrospective follow-up study.MethodsN = 996 former elite male athletes were sent a questionnaire concerning sociodemographic variables, previous and past sport activity and lifetime prevalence of seeking professional help for health problems. N = 683 (68.6%) answered the questionnaire. The lifetime prevalence of AAS-abuse was 21% (n = 143), while 79% (n = 540) did not admit having ever used AAS.ResultsFormer AAS-abuse was associated with tendon ruptures (p = 0.01), depression (p = 0.001), anxiety (p = 0.01) and lower prevalence of prostate hypertrophy (p = 0.01) and decreased libido (p = 0.01). Former advanced AAS-abusers had higher anxiety (p = 0.004) compared to the former less advanced AAS-abusers. Moreover, former advanced AAS-abusers, compared to AAS-naïves, reported more psychiatric problems (p = 0.002), depression (p = 0.003) and anxiety (p = 0.00).ConclusionsA former AAS-abuse seems to be associated with some somatic and mental health problem, although a former less advanced AAS-abuse is related to lower incidence of prostate hypertrophy. The results raise the question whether some of these associations might be dose- and frequency dependent. These findings should however be seen as hypothesis generating and further studies are needed.
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- Moberg, A. B., et al.
(författare)
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Community-acquired pneumonia in primary care: clinical assessment and the usability of chest radiography
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 34:1, s. 21-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic value of different clinical and laboratory findings in pneumonia and to explore the association between the doctors degree of suspicion and chest X-ray (CXR) result and to evaluate whether or not CXR should be used routinely in primary care, when available. Design: A three-year prospective study was conducted between September 2011 and December 2014. Setting: Two primary care settings in Linkoping, Sweden. Subjects: A total of 103 adult patients with suspected pneumonia in primary care. Main outcome measures: The physicians recorded results of a standardized medical physical examination, including laboratory results, and rated their suspicion into three degrees. The outcome of the diagnostic variables and the degree of suspicion was compared with the result of CXR. Results: Radiographic pneumonia was reported in 45% of patients. When the physicians were sure of the diagnosis radiographic pneumonia was found in 88% of cases (p<0.001), when quite sure the frequency of positive CXR was 45%, and when not sure 28%. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP)50mg/L were associated with the presence of radiographic pneumonia when the diagnosis was suspected (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study indicates that CXR can be useful if the physician is not sure of the diagnosis, but when sure one can rely on ones judgement without ordering CXR.
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- Rignér, J. O., et al.
(författare)
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Pilot impact on the noise abatement effect of steeper approaches-Initial analysis of wind and flight data
- 2017
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Ingår i: INTER-NOISE 2017 - 46th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering. - : Institute of Noise Control Engineering.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asteeper approach path is one potential way to reducetheperceived aircraft noise level on the ground around airports. However,pilots'changed operating behavior on a steeper glide slope may have an impact, or even acounterbalancing effecton the desired noise reductionoutcome. The overallaim of thisresearchis to estimate pilot impact on the noise abatementin steeper approaches.Actual recorded winds during standard 3.0degree glide slope angle approaches will be used to developan equivalent zerowind glide path angle. Correlations of glide slope angle and pilot operational behaviorwill be analyzed. In this paper,the logic behind thedevelopment ofan equivalent zero windcalculation methodis presented. A user-centered approach was applied which included a pilot workshop, and interviews with airline pilots.Based on the results it was decided to use the average wind from glide slope intercept to landing gear extension for the analysis of the pilots' behavior. Theequivalent zerowind calculation methodselected willsubsequently be applied to analyzepilot impact on noise abatement at various glide path angles.This will increase the knowledge about how to minimize the actual noise footprint around airports considering varying glide slope angles and meteorological conditions.
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