| 1. |
- Abdelhadi, Mohamed Mohamed
(författare)
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Posttransplantational bone disease : the effect of immunosuppressive drugs on bone : clinical and experimental studies
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Osteoporosis and pathologic fractures are frequent complications ill patients with end-stage liver or kidney diseases. Although successful transplantation eliminates some factors related to poor organ function, all increased incidence of pathologic fractures was reported ill the early post-transplant period in spite of normalization of the allograft function. The aims of this thesis were to study the effect of organ transplantation oil bone density and bone mineral metabolism as well as to evaluate tile effect of immunosuppressive drugs oil bone mineral metabolism. Twenty-five patients with end-stage liver disease and candidates for liver transplantation were measured for bone mineral density (BMD) before transplantation and measurements were repeated in 9 patients at 3 months, 6 months. and 12 months after liver transplantation (Paper 1). We found that an early and accentuated bone loss occurs during the first 6 months following transplantation, predominantly in sites enriched with trabecular bone and less ill cortical bone. 'I his bone reduction seems to mainly be the result of increased bone resorption, possibly related to the immunosuppressive therapy. One hundred and twenty-eight patients with different types of' hyperparathyroidism (HPT) were included for evaluation of bone mineral density before and after parathyroidectomy (Paper 11). Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were performed ill all patients once before parathyroidectomy and measurements were repeated longitudinally for 3 years. Regardless of the etiology, a large proportion of HPT patients [lad reduced bone density. Ill patients with primary symptomatic HPT and patients with HPT associated with hemodialysis, bone density increases after parathyroidectomy to all extent that largely restores their preoperative bone loss. Ill contrast, parathyroidectomy does riot appear to improve BMD ill patients with HPT associated with renal transplantation, possibly because ofthe adverse effects of immunosuppressive agents ill these patients. The effect of the immunosuppressant drugs cyclosporine A (CsA), Tacrolimus (FK506), and prednisolone oil bone mass ill the rat was studied ill two experiments using densitometry of femur bone and bone morphometry of decalcified tibial bone (Paper Ill. W). Bone density and histology revealed that both CsA and FK506 affect bone by different mechanisms, possibly growth retardation, and that a high dosage of CsA or FK506 alters both cortical and trabecular bone ill rats. Prednisolone reduced bone turnover without affecting bone mass, and the combined therapy of both CsA and prednisolone induced a low bone turnover osteopenia. Recent reports have indicated that statins used ill the treatment of hypercholesterolemia might substantially increase bone formation and reduce the risk of fractures. To evaluate the association between statin use and BMD ill our patient population. hospital records for all adult patients who had received a kidney transplant between 1973 and 1998 were reviewed and 59 patients were identified as receiving statins. Bone density measurements were performed in 32 renal transplant patients taking statins as well as in age- and sex- matched controls. Statins users had a higher bone density in the lumbar spine compared to their controls. In conclusion, patients undergoing organ transplantation are at high risk to develop osteoporosis and pathologic fractures due to the accentuated bone loss, which occurs during the first posttransplant year. The immunosuppressive therapy could have a contribution in the early decrease of bone mass in patients following transplantation as well as ill abolishing the anabolic effect of parathyroidectomy on bone mass ill patients with HPT associated with renal transplantation. Experimental administration of CsA and FK506 to rats ill doses comparable to those used ill human subjects provided direct evidence that both drugs have adverse effects on bone. Moreover, CsA seems to augment the effect of prednisolone oil bone when both drugs were given together. Preliminary data of the effect of statins oil bone showed a modest increment of trabecular bone density (lumbar spine) in statin users compared to controls. However, large randomized controlled studies are needed to accurately determine if statins have a salutary effect oil bone mass and bone mineral metabolism.
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| 2. |
- Issa, Mohamed, et al.
(författare)
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Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 isolated from healthy carriers and patients in Sudan after the Hajj in 2000
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 35:4, s. 230-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first epidemic in the world of meningococcal disease due to serogroup W-135 was reported during the Hajj in 2000, with subsequent spread. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether the Hajj 2000 Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 had also been carried to Sudan in the eastern part of the African meningitis belt, by examining healthy Sudanese pilgrims (Hajj 2000) and members of their families, and whether the strain was causing meningitis. The phenotypic character of W-135 meningococci from Sudanese carriers (n = 5) and patients (n = 2) 1 y later was similar to W-135 strains associated with Hajj 2000. The present study, using the combination of the 2 molecular techniques; sequencing of the porA gene for variable regions (VR1, VR2 and VR3) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the entire genome (using SpeI and NheI), shows that the Hajj 2000 serogroup W-135 clone (P1.5,2,36-2 of the ET-37 complex) most probably was introduced into Sudan, by pilgrims returning from the Hajj 2000. This strain has not been diagnosed before in Sudan. Close epidemiological surveillance is required to identify a possible new emerging meningitis epidemic.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Rosenlund, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Urban micro-climate in the City of Fez, Morocco
- 2000
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Ingår i: Architecture City Environment: Proceedings of PLEA 2000, Cambridge, UK 2-5 July 2000. - 1 902916 16 6 ; , s. 472-476
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proportion of the world’s population living in urban areas is constantly increasing. Different urban shapes result in different microclimates. The way cities are planned and built is therefore important for the global energy use. This study presents results from measurements of street climate in the city of Fez, Morocco, in contrasting traditional and modern housing areas, each with its own problems and qualities. Air temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity were measured in the two types of housing area, during both hot and cold seasons. These preliminary results confirm the night-time heat island phenomenon, while during the day the two areas show different behaviour. Further studies aim at recommendations on how to plan and build new housing areas in the region, to increase urban and indoor thermal comfort
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| 5. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of isolated photon production in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 54:3, s. 371-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of isolated photons in deep-inelastic scattering ep -> e gamma X is measured with the H1 detector at HERA. The measurement is performed in the kinematic range of negative four-momentum transfer squared 4 < Q(2)< 150 GeV2 and a mass of the hadronic system W-X > 50 GeV. The analysis is based on a total integrated luminosity of 227 pb(-1). The production cross section of isolated photons with a transverse energy in the range 3 < E-T(gamma)< 10 GeV and pseudorapidity range -1.2
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| 6. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(författare)
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Three- and four-jet production at low x at HERA
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 54:3, s. 389-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three- and four-jet production is measured in deep-inelastic ep scattering at low x and Q(2) with the H1 detector using an integrated luminosity of 44.2 pb(-1). Several phase space regions are selected for the three-jet analysis in order to study the underlying parton dynamics from global topologies to the more restrictive regions of forward jets close to the proton direction. The measurements of cross sections for events with at least three jets are compared to fixed order QCD predictions of O(alpha(2)(s)) and O(alpha(3)(s)) and with Monte Carlo simulation programs where higher order effects are approximated by parton showers. A good overall description is provided by the O(alpha(3)(s)) calculation. Too few events are predicted at the lowest x similar to 10(-4), especially for topologies with two forward jets. This hints to large contributions at low x from initial state radiation of gluons close to the proton direction and unordered in transverse momentum. The Monte Carlo program in which gluon radiation is generated by the colour dipole model gives a good description of both the three- and the four-jet data in absolute normalisation and shape.
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| 7. |
- Abdel-Hamid, Mohamed, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic diversity in hepatitis C virus in Egypt and possible association with hepatocellular carcinoma
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1465-2099 .- 0022-1317. ; 88:5, s. 1526-1531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Egypt has one of the world's highest prevalences of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with a majority of genotype 4 infections. To explore the genetic diversity of HCV in Egypt, sera from 131 Egyptians [56 from community studies, 37 chronic hepatitis patients, 28 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and 10 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma] were genotyped by restriction fragment-length polymorphism and phylogenetic analyses of sequences from the mid-core and non-structural 5B regions. The different genotyping methods showed good agreement. The majority of the viruses (83 of 131; 63 %) were of subtype 4a, but five other subtypes within genotype 4 were also observed, as well as three genotype 1b, five genotype 1g and one genotype 3a samples. Interestingly, subtype 4o, which was easily identifiable in all three genomic regions, 3 showed an association with HCC (P=0.017), which merits further investigation.
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| 10. |
- Abdel-Rehim, Mohamed, et al.
(författare)
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Microextraction in Packed Syringe Online with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry : Molecularly imprinted polymer as packing material for MEPS in selective extraction of ropivacaine from plasma
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6076 .- 1520-572X. ; 29:12, s. 1725-1736
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The excellent performance of a new sample preparation method, microextraction in packed syringe (MEPS), was recently illustrated by online LC‐MS and GS‐MS assays of local anaesthetics in plasma samples. In the method, approximately 1 mg of solid packing material was inserted into a syringe (100–250 µL) as a plug. Sample preparation took place on the packed bed. The new method was easy to use, fully automated, of low cost, and rapid in comparison with previously used methods. This paper presents the use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as packing material for higher extraction selectivity. Development and validation of a method for MIP‐MEPS online with LC‐MS‐MS using ropivacaine in plasma as model compound were investigated. A bupivacaine imprinted polymer was used. The method was validated and the standard curves were evaluated by means of quadratic regression and weighted by inverse of the concentration: 1/x for the calibration range 2–2000 nM. The applied polymer could be used more than 100 times before the syringe was discarded. The extraction recovery was 60%. The results showed high correlation coefficients (R 2 >0.999) for all runs. The accuracy, given as a percentage deviation from the nominal concentration values, ranged from -6% to 3%. The precision, given as the relative standard deviation, at three different concentrations (QC samples) was consistently about 3% to 10%. The limit of quantification was 2 nM.
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