| 1. |
- Hughes, A S, et al.
(författare)
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Neurochemical characterization of neuronal populations expressing protein kinase C gamma isoform in the spinal cord and gracile nucleus of the rat
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4522 .- 1873-7544. ; 153:2, s. 507-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein kinase C gamma (PKCgamma) is widely distributed throughout the CNS and is thought to play a role in long term hyper-excitability in nociceptive neurones. Here, we provide the first report of PKCgamma cells in the dorsal column nuclei of the adult rat. Retrograde labeling of PKCgamma cells from the thalamus with choleragenoid revealed that 25% of the PKCgamma positive gracile cells projected to the thalamus. Further, we have characterized the distribution of PKCgamma within gracile nucleus in terms of colocalization with various neurotransmitter receptors or enzymes and calcium binding proteins, and compared this with PKCgamma colocalization in cells of laminae I-III of the spinal cord. We show that approximately 90% of the PKCgamma cells in the gracile nucleus and 60% in the dorsal horn were immuno-positive for the AMPA receptor subunit glutamate 2/3 (GluR2/3). Little coexpression was seen with neurokinin 1 receptor, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1, markers of distinct neuronal subpopulations. In the spinal cord, a quarter of PKCgamma cells expressed calbindin, but very few cells did so in the gracile nucleus. Electrical stimulation at c-fiber strength of the normal or injured sciatic nerve was used to induce c-fos as a marker of postsynaptic activation in the spinal cord and gracile nucleus. Quantitative analysis of the number of PKCgamma positive gracile cells that expressed also c-fos increased from none to 24% after injury, indicating an alteration in the sensory activation pattern in these neurones after injury. C-fos was not induced in inner lamina II following c-fiber electrical stimulation of the intact or axotomized sciatic nerve, indicating no such plasticity at the spinal cord level. As dorsal column nuclei cells may contribute to allodynia after peripheral nerve injury, pharmacological modulation of PKCgamma activity may therefore be a possible way to ameliorate neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.
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| 2. |
- Erlandsson, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in tactical support functions for fighter aircraft
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd Skövde workshop on information fusion topics (SWIFT 2009). - Skövde : Högskolan i Skövde. ; , s. 39-43
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes challenges for tactical supportfunctions in a fighter aircraft systems with one or severalcooperating members. A short description of the domain ofcooperating fighter aircraft is presented, which is linked totactical support functions using an air-to-air scenario. Themain rationale for developing an advanced tactical supportsystem is to aid the pilot in handling complex time-criticalscenarios and missions involving extensive cooperation.Important research directions include developing qualitymeasures/metrics for situation awareness, methods for proactive tactical support functions, and methods to automaticallyreduce the tactical information gap.
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| 3. |
- Huumonen, S, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic value of computed tomography in re-treatment of root fillings in maxillary molars
- 2006
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Ingår i: Int Endod J. ; 39:10, s. 827-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To compare the diagnostic information and radiation dose between intraoral radiography and computed tomography (CT) in re-treatment decision making concerning root fillings in maxillary molars. Methodology Thirty-nine root-filled maxillary molars with suspected apical periodontitis were examined with two intraoral periapical radiographs and CT. Presence of periapical lesion/s per tooth and root were analysed for both techniques. In addition, in the CT images, the number of root canals, erosion, or perforation of cortical bone plates, and the distance between palatal root and cortical bone plates were evaluated. Radiation dose for CT was registered and calculated; and that of periapical radiographs used as reported previously (Ekestubbe et al. 2004). Results Periapical radiographs revealed periapical lesions in 33 teeth compared with 38 on CT images. A lesion of any root was detected more often with CT. The mesiobuccal root had two root canals in 30 teeth of which 27 of the MB2 canals were not filled, and 22 roots with an unfilled canal were associated a periapical lesion. Distances to palatal root, from the buccal and palatal cortex were measured in CT and varied between 5.0–12.0 mm and 0–4.0 mm, respectively. Based on the radiographic information, a variety of treatment alternatives were suggested. Mean effective dose of periapical radiographs was 0.02 mSv and that of CT 0.055 mSv. Conclusions Computed tomography may give important information in re-treatment decision when considering root fillings in maxillary molars. The radiation dose should be considered individually.
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| 4. |
- Sedgley, C M, et al.
(författare)
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Virulence, phenotype and genotype characteristics of endodontic Enterococcus spp.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Oral microbiology and immunology. - 0902-0055. ; 20:1, s. 10-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: Enterococci have been implicated in persistent root canal infections but their role in the infection process remains unclear. This study investigated the virulence, phenotype and genotype of 33 endodontic enterococcal isolates. METHODS: Phenotypic tests were conducted for antibiotic resistance, clumping response to pheromone, and production of gelatinase, hemolysin and bacteriocin. Genotype analysis involved polymerase chain reaction amplification of virulence determinants encoding aggregation substances asa and asa373, cytolysin activator cylA, gelatinase gelE, gelatinase-negative phenotype ef1841/fsrC, adherence factors esp and ace, and endocarditis antigen efaA. Physical DNA characterization involved pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA, and plasmid analysis. RESULTS: Potential virulence traits expressed included production of gelatinase by Enterococcus faecalis (n=23), and response to pheromones in E. faecalis culture filtrate (n=16). Fourteen strains produced bacteriocin. Five strains were resistant to tetracycline and one to gentamicin, whereas all were susceptible to ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, fusidic acid, kanamycin, rifampin, streptomycin and vancomycin. Polymerase chain reaction products encoding efaA, ace, and asa were detected in all isolates; esp was detected in 20 isolates, cylA in six isolates, but asa373 was never detected. The gelatinase gene (gelE) was detected in all isolates of E. faecalis (n=31) but not in Enterococcus faecium (n=2); a 23.9 kb deletion sequence corresponding to the gelatinase-negative phenotype was detected in six of the eight E. faecalis isolates that did not produce gelatinase. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmid analyses revealed genetic polymorphism with clonal types evident. Plasmid DNA was detected in 25 strains, with up to four plasmids per strain and a similar (5.1 kb) plasmid occurring in 16 isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Phenotypic and genotypic evidence of potential virulence factors were identified in endodontic Enterococcus spp., specifically production of gelatinase and response to pheromones.
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