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- Dahllöf, Ingela, 1963, et al.
(author)
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The Effect of TBT on the Structure of a Marine Sediment Community - a Boxcosm Study
- 2001
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In: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 42:8, s. 689-695
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of tri-n-butyl tin (TBT) on an intact marine sediment community after five months exposure was investigated. Changes in the structure of macro- and meiofauna communities were determined, as well as the functional diversity of the microbial community using BIOLOG microplates for Gram negative bacteria. Development of tolerance in the microbial community was investigated using Pollution Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) experiments with fluxes of nutrients as effect indicators. TBT affected the structure and recruitment of the macro- and meiofauna at nominal additions of 30137 mol TBT/m2 sediment. Number of species, diversity, biomass and community similarity was reduced at these concentrations compared to control. Species that molt seemed to be the most tolerant since they were predominant in boxes that had received the highest TBT addition and echinoderms were the most sensitive species. Renewed addition of TBT in PICT experiments with sediment from each boxcosm showed that TBT had an effect on individual nutrient fluxes from all sediments. Analyses of the flux patterns revealed a memory of previous TBT exposure, either due to induced tolerance or other community conditioning.
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- Guniée, Jeroen, et al.
(author)
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Bringing science and pragmatism together a tiered approach for modelling toxicological impacts in LCA
- 2004
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In: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - 1614-7502 .- 0948-3349. ; 9:5, s. 320-326
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Goal, Scope and Background: The EU 5th framework project OMNIITOX will develop models calculating characterisation factors for assessing the potential toxic impacts of chemicals within the framework of LCA. These models will become accessible through a web-based information system. The key objective of the OMNIITOX project is to increase the coverage of substances by such models. In order to reach this objective, simpler models which need less but available data, will have to be developed while maintaining scientific quality. Methods. Experience within the OMNIITOX project has taught that data availability and quality are crucial issues for calculating characterisation factors. Data availability determines whether calculating characterisation factors is possible at all, whereas data quality determines to what extent the resulting characterisation factors are reliable. Today, there is insufficient knowledge and/or resources to have high data availability as well as high data quality and high model quality at the same time. Results: The OMNIITOX project is developing two inter-related models in order to be able to provide LCA impact assessment characterisation factors for toxic releases for as broad a range of chemicals as possible: 1) A base model representing a state-of-the-art multimedia model and 2) a simple model derived from the base model using statistical tools. Discussion. A preliminary decision tree for using the OMNIITOX information system (IS) is presented. The decision tree aims to illustrate how the OMNIITOX IS can assist an LCA practitioner in finding or deriving characterisation factors for use in life cycle impact assessment of toxic releases. Conclusions and Outlook: Data availability and quality are crucial issues when calculating characterisation factors for the toxicity impact categories. The OMNIITOX project is developing a tiered model approach for this. It is foreseen that a first version of the base model will be ready in late summer of 2004, whereas a first version of the simple base model is expected a few months later.
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- Guniée, Jeroen, et al.
(author)
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Bringing Science and Pragmatism together in a Tiered Approach for Modelling Toxicological Impacts in LCA
- 2004
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In: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - 1614-7502 .- 0948-3349. ; 9:5, s. 320-326
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Goal, Scope and Background. The EU 5 th framework project OMNIITOX will develop models calculating characterisation factors for assessing the potential toxic impacts of chemicals within the framework of LCA. These models will become accessible through a web-based information system. The key objective of the OMNIITOX project is to increase the coverage of substances by such models. In order to reach this objective, simpler models which need less but available data, will have to be developed while maintaining scientific quality. Methods. Experience within the OMNIITOX project has taught that data availability and quality are crucial issues for calculating characterisation factors. Data availability determines whether calculating characterisation factors is possible at all, whereas data quality determines to what extent the resulting characterisation factors are reliable. Today, there is insufficient knowledge and/or resources to have high data availability as well as high data quality and high model quality at the same time. Results. The OMNIITOX project is developing two inter-related models in order to be able to provide LCA impact assessment characterisation factors for toxic releases for as broad a range of chemicals as possible: 1) A base model representing a state-of-the-art multimedia model and 2) a simple model derived from the base model using statistical tools. Discussion. A preliminary decision tree for using the OMNIITOX information system (IS) is presented. The decision tree aims to illustrate how the OMNIITOXIS can assist an LCA practitioner in finding or deriving characterisation factors for use in life cycle impact assessment of toxic releases. Conclusions and Outlook. Data availability and quality are crucial issues when calculating characterisation factors for the toxicity impact categories. The OMNIITOX project is developing a tiered model approach for this. It is foreseen that a first version of the base model will be ready in late summer of 2004, whereas a first version of the simple base model is expected a few months later.
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- Gustafsson, Mikael, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Benthic foraminiferal tolerance to tri-n-butyltin (TBT)
- 2000
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In: Marine Pollution Bulletin. ; 40, s. 1072-1075
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tri-n-butyltin (TBT) has been used in the marine environment as a toxic agent in antifouling paints, but unfortunately it also has negative effects on non-target organisms in the environment. In this study, intact coastal sediment was exposed for seven months to three levels of TBT corresponding to nominal additions of 0.00, 0.02 and 2.00 nmol TBT per g dry sediment. This paper presents the first attempt to find out how living benthic foraminifera respond to TBT, Increased foraminiferal abundance in the 0.02 nmol mesocosm could be an effect of decreased predation (competition), since other representatives of meiofauna and macrofauna tended to be less tolerant to TBT, Increasing toxicity in the most contaminated mesocosm group (2.00 nmol) resulted in a less abundant foraminiferal population suggesting that TBT affects the foraminiferal community.
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