| 1. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-economic status and fertility decline : Insights from historical transitions in Europe and North America
- 2017
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Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-4747 .- 0032-4728. ; 71:1, s. 3-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The timings of historical fertility transitions in different regions are well understood by demographers, but much less is known regarding their specific features and causes. In the study reported in this paper, we used longitudinal micro-level data for five local populations in Europe and North America to analyse the relationship between socio-economic status and fertility during the fertility transition. Using comparable analytical models and class schemes for each population, we examined the changing socio-economic differences in marital fertility and related these to common theories on fertility behaviour. Our results do not provide support for the hypothesis of universally high fertility among the upper classes in pre-transitional society, but do support the idea that the upper classes acted as forerunners by reducing their fertility before other groups. Farmers and unskilled workers were the latest to start limiting their fertility. Apart from these similarities, patterns of class differences in fertility varied significantly between populations.
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| 2. |
- Molitoris, Joseph
(författare)
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The Effect of Birth Spacing on Child Mortality in Sweden, 1878-1926
- 2017
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Ingår i: Population and Development Review. - : Wiley. - 0098-7921. ; 43:1, s. 61-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A negative association between interval length and infant and child mortality has been consistently identified in modern developing countries. The reasons for this association are unclear, however. Leading hypotheses explain these differences as a result of sibling competition, maternal depletion, infection transmission, or unobserved maternal factors, but none has received overwhelming support. Using data from Stockholm between 1878 and 1926, this study contributes to the body of research by identifying trends in the relationship over time, controlling for unobserved maternal heterogeneity, and exploiting sibling deaths to better understand the mechanisms at work. Results show the association disappeared over time as infectious disease mortality fell and that deaths of previous siblings during the postnatal period disproportionately tended to increase the risk of dying among index children born after short intervals. These findings strongly suggest the relationship is related to the transmission of disease between closely spaced siblings.
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