| 1. |
- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
-
The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
|
|
| 2. |
- DeHenauw, Stefaan, et al.
(författare)
-
Nutritional status and lifestyle of adolescents from a public health perspective. The HELENA Project - Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. ; 15:3, s. 187-197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The HELENA Project—Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence—is a European, collaborative research project financed by the EU Sixth Framework Programme in the area of nutrition-related adolescent health. The basic objective of the HELENA project is to obtain reliable and comparable data from a random sample of European adolescents (boys and girls aged 13–16 years) on a broad battery of relevant nutrition and health-related parameters: dietary intake, food choices and preferences, anthropometry, serum indicators of lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism, vitamin and mineral status, immunological markers, physical activity, fitness and genetic markers. The HELENA project is conceived as a scientific construction with four complementary sub-studies that are elaborated through 14 well-defined work packages. Sub-studies are focused, respectively, on “a cross-sectional description of lifestyles and indicators of nutritional status (HELENA-CSS)”, “a lifestyle education intervention programme (HELENA-LSEI), “a metabolic study with cross-over design (HELENA-COMS)” and a “study on behaviour, food preferences and food development” (HELENA-BEFO). The project unites 20 research centres from 10 European countries. In addition, the consortium comprises five SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) that are actively involved in the research activities. The core of the HELENA project study material is an overall European cohort of 3,000 adolescents, equally recruited in ten cities from nine countries. Standardization of methods among partners is a key issue in the project and is obtained through the development of standard protocols, training sessions, validation sub-studies and pilot projects. Health-related problems have a tendency to evolve in cycles, with ever new problems emerging in ever new contexts that call for appropriate and tailored actions. The HELENA project is expected to offer essential elements for use in the overall machinery of required public health nutrition cycles. It is of the greatest importance for its results to prove useful that it can communicate with other initiatives on the level of science and society.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dénes, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Radiation tolerance qualification tests of the final source interface unit for the ALICE experiment for the ALICE collaboration
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 12th Workshop on Electronics for LHC and Future Experiments, LECC 2006. - : CERN. ; , s. 438-441
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE Detector Data Link (DDL) is a high-speed optical link designed to interface the readout electronics of ALICE sub-detectors to the DAQ computers. The Source Interface Unit (SIU) of the DDL will operate in radiation environment. Previous tests showed that a configuration loss of SRAM-based FPGA devices may happen and the frequency of undetected data errors in the FPGA user memory area is also not acceptable. Therefore, we redesigned the SIU card using another FPGA based on flash technology. In order to detect bit errors in the user memory we added parity check logic to the design. The new SIU has been extensively tested using neutron and proton irradiation to verify its radiation tolerance. In this paper we summarize the design changes, introduce the final design, and the results of the radiation tolerance measurements on the final card.
|
|
| 4. |
- Dénes, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Radiation tolerant source interface unit for the ALICE experiment
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 11th Workshop on Electronics for LHC and Future Experiments, LECC 2005. - : CERN. ; , s. 291-293
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE Detector Data Link (DDL) is a high-speed optical link designed to interface the readout electronics of ALICE sub-detectors to the DAQ computers. The Source Interface Unit (SIU) of the DDL will operate in radiation environment. Tests showed that configuration loss of the Altera APEX II FPGA device used earlier on the DDL SIU card is only marginally acceptable. We developed a new version of the SIU card using Actel ProASIC+ device based on flash memory technology. The new SIU card has been extensively tested using neutron and proton irradiation. In this paper we present the SIU card and describe the results of irradiation measurements.
|
|
| 5. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
