| 1. |
- Bergkvist, John-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Third-Generation Innovation Policy : System Transformation or Reinforcing Business as Usual?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Questioning the Entrepreneurial State. - Cham : Springer. - 1572-1922. - 9783030942724 - 9783030942755 - 9783030942731 ; , s. 201-217
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a shift in innovation policy in recent years toward more focus on systemic transformation and changed directionality. In this chapter, we describe a collection of challenges that such policies need to address. Based on a review of dominant frameworks regarding socio-technical transitions, we compare these theories with examples of innovation policy in different countries. Systemic transformation across an economy usually requires a process of creative destruction in which new competencies may be required, actors need to be connected in novel ways, and institutions may need to be changed. Our empirical illustrations show that support programs and initiatives across Europe do not always seem to result in such a process, as they include mechanisms favoring large, established firms and universities. These actors have often fine-tuned their activities and capabilities to the existing order, and therefore have few incentives to engage in renewal. As the incumbent actors also control superior financial and relational resources, there is a risk that they captivate innovation policies and thus reinforce established structures rather than contributing to systemic transformation.
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| 2. |
- Birksjö, David
(författare)
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Innovative Security Business : Innovation, Standardization, and Industry Dynamics in the Swedish Security Sector, 1992–2012
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this dissertation is to generate new knowledge on innovation output and standardization in industries where innovation output typically is considered sparse. This is done through the longitudinal study of the Swedish security guard industry and security sector 1992-2012. Several longitudinal databases have been constructed across the two studied decades. These include three different databases on innovations in the security guard industry and the security sector, one on standardization of security products and services, and a database that describes industry structure and development. In contrast to much previous research, and in line with recent calls for multiple innovation indicators, this approach enables the addressing of innovation through the lens of several longitudinal innovation indicators and from different perspectives. It also allows for analysis of the relationship between innovation and standardization, which often have played a peripheral role in previous innovation studies. The main findings show that innovation has played an important role in the industry and the sector as a whole. Essential characteristics of innovation in the studied industry/sector, 1992-2012, have corresponded – to varying degrees – to established ‘stylized facts’ in the literature on industry patterns of innovation output. The importance of multiple indicators is particularly apparent when addressing temporal patterns of innovation output in the present study. Different approaches to measuring innovation output showed distinctly different temporal patterns of innovation, bearing different implications on the relationship between innovation output and industry development and dynamics. Moreover, standardization is explored from complementing perspectives: i) as diffusion of innovation; ii) as organizational and marketing innovation, and iii) as an industry-specific indicator of innovation output. Fundamental questions regarding innovation output are thereby addressed, such as how innovation research addresses and captures innovations after market introduction, along with discussions on what constitutes ‘innovativeness’ in terms of newness and commercial application. The dissertation contributes to and challenges conventional knowledge on industry patterns of innovation output and the role of innovation in service industries, mature industries, and low-tech industries. It also contributes to the literature on the relationship between innovation and standardization, and to the methodological discussion on innovation indicators.
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| 3. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(författare)
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Digital transformation of the automotive industry : an integrating framework to analyse technological novelty and breadth
- 2023
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Routledge. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 30:1, s. 67-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research demonstrates that digital technologies stimulate industrial transformation by enabling new interdependencies with firms outside and across firm and industry boundaries. However, we know little about the degree of novelty and breadth of digital technologies that have the potential to transform industries. Understanding the degree of novelty (spanning from radical to incremental) and breadth (spanning from one sector to multiple sectors) of digital technologies is important for measuring their impact on industrial transformation. Through a topic modelling research approach on autonomous vehicle technology patents from firms operating in Sweden and a confirmatory survey with the inventors of those patents, this paper reveals 26 digital technology topics that are transforming the automotive industry. The digital technology topics are distributed across four ideal-typical technology categories for transformation: augmenting, spanning, transforming, and disrupting. This study illustrates the value of studying digital technologies’ transformative nature using an integrating framework; it reveals that digital technologies in the automotive industry have mainly incremental characteristics but that these characteristics provide necessary preconditions for the few more radical technologies to achieve their potential in transforming the industry.
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| 4. |
- Lu, Shanyun Sam
(författare)
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Managing contexts for innovation and renewal : Strategies of incumbent firms in traditional manufacturing industries
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Innovation is important for established firms (i.e., incumbents) in traditional manufacturing industries (TMIs) to continuously survive and thrive. While internal factors often receive attention, different factors external to these firms enable and hinder the creation and realisation of novel products and processes. Firms in TMIs thus need to strategically deal with their outer contexts. How they do so in the post-industrial era and why they act in particular ways remain unclear in extant innovation studies. This dissertation offers nuanced explanations of the strategies of incumbents in TMIs, regarding managing contexts for innovation and renewal.This dissertation investigates three cases involving firms in five different TMIs in Sweden. It shows that even firms that are expected to be the most inert display a proactive reorientation by developing radical and sustainable technologies that potentially revolutionise their industries and drive societal change. Innovative firms simultaneously manage multiple external factors such as societal norms and regulations, diverse networks, and place-based (lack of) resources by leveraging, shaping and fostering the alignment of those factors to protect and empower innovations. A core take-away for innovation managers is to “work in but also work out!”
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