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| 2. |
- Bauer, M., et al.
(författare)
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Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar insolation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area of the Earth. Methods: Data from 7488 patients with BD I were collected at 75 sites in 42 countries. The first episode occurred at 591 onset locations in 67 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Solar insolation values were obtained for every onset location, and the ratio of the minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation was calculated. This ratio is largest near the equator (with little change in solar insolation over the year), and smallest near the poles (where winter insolation is very small compared to summer insolation). This ratio also applies to tropical locations which may have a cloudy wet and clear dry season, rather than winter and summer. Results: The larger the change in solar insolation throughout the year (smaller the ratio between the minimum monthly and maximum monthly values), the greater the likelihood the first episode polarity was depression. Other associated variables were being female and increasing percentage of gross domestic product spent on country health expenditures. (All coefficients: P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Increased awareness and research into circadian dysfunction throughout the course of BD is warranted.
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| 3. |
- Dhanabalan, D., et al.
(författare)
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Studies on Schottky Barrier Diodes Fabricated using Single-Crystal Wafers of β-Ga2O3 Grown by the Optical Floating Zone Technique
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physica status solidi. B, Basic research. - : Wiley. - 0370-1972 .- 1521-3951. ; 259:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- β-Ga2O3 is one of the most promising wide-bandgap materials for optoelectronic applications as well as a conducting substrate for GaN-based device technologies. Single crystals of undoped β-Ga2O3 are grown by the optical floating zone technique utilizing compressed dry air as growth atmosphere. The properties of β-Ga2O3 are highly anisotropic. Optimization of the processing recipe for wafers along different orientations suitable for device development is conducted. Structural, optical, and electrical properties of the wafers are determined. Efforts are made to fabricate Schottky diodes based on Pt/Ti/Au–β-Ga2O3–Ti/Au device structures. Devices are fabricated on (−201) cut wafers. The device characteristics are discussed in detail.
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| 4. |
- Zuleta, Daniel, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Vertical distribution of trunk and crown volume in tropical trees
- 2022
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127. ; 508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tree volume equations including branches are scarce in forestry literature, especially in diverse tropical forests, where the variability in tree shapes hampers the development of overall volume descriptions. We present species-composite cumulative volume profile models that describe the volume contained up to a given height in the trunks and crowns of tropical trees. We use terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and quantitative structure models to estimate the trunk and crown volume of 177 trees (49 species) in a lowland tropical forest in the Barro Colorado Island in Panamá. These models were fitted using multilevel mixed-effects models recognizing the diversity of architectures in tropical trees. We found that (1) the rate at which volume accumulated with height was much higher and variable in the whole tree (trunk + branches) than only in the trunk; (2) the variability in the rate of volume accumulation was three times higher in the trunk and nine times higher in the whole tree across individuals within species than between species; and (3) parameters describing the rate of volume accumulation significantly depended on the height of attachment of the lowest branch, but not on the tree size. The resulting equations can be used to estimate the proportion of volume contained up to any height in tropical trees.
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