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- Gaur, A.P.S., et al.
(författare)
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Cold cathode emission studies on topographically modified few layer and single layer MoS2 films
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 108:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanostructured materials, such as carbon nanotubes, are excellent cold cathode emitters. Here, we report comparative field emission (FE) studies on topographically tailored few layer MoS2films consisting of ⟨0001⟩ plane perpendicular (⊥) to c-axis (i.e., edge terminated vertically aligned) along with planar few layer and monolayer (1L) MoS2films. FE measurements exhibited lower turn-on field Eto (defined as required applied electric field to emit current density of 10 μA/cm2) ∼4.5 V/μm and higher current density ∼1 mA/cm2, for edge terminated vertically aligned (ETVA) MoS2films. However, Eto magnitude for planar few layer and 1L MoS2films increased further to 5.7 and 11 V/μm, respectively, with one order decrease in emission current density. The observed differences in emission behavior, particularly for ETVA MoS2 is attributed to the high value of geometrical field enhancement factor (β), found to be ∼1064, resulting from the large confinement of localized electric field at edge exposed nanograins. Emission behavior of planar few layers and 1L MoS2films are explained under a two step emission mechanism. Our studies suggest that with further tailoring the microstructure of ultra thin ETVA MoS2films would result in elegant FE properties.
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- Morell, M. L., et al.
(författare)
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Viperin exerts antiviral function against Junin mammarenavirus at different subcellular localizations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Biology of the Cell. - : The American Society for Cell Biology. - 1059-1524 .- 1939-4586.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Junín arenavirus infections are associated with high levels of interferons in both severe and fatal cases. Upon Junín virus (JUNV) infection a cell signaling cascade initiates, that ultimately attempts to limit viral replication and prevent infection progression through the expression of host antiviral proteins. The interferon stimulated gene (ISG) viperin has drawn our attention as it has been highlighted as an important antiviral protein against several viral infections. The studies of the mechanistic actions of viperin have described important functional domains relating its antiviral and immune‐modulating actions through cellular lipid structures. In line with this, through silencing and overexpression approaches, we have identified viperin as an antiviral ISG against JUNV. In addition, we found that lipid droplet structures are modulated during JUNV infection, suggesting its relevance for proper virus multiplication. Furthermore, our confocal microscopy images, bioinformatics and functional results also revealed viperin‐JUNV protein interactions that might be participating in this antiviral pathway at lipid droplet level. Altogether, these results will help to better understand the factors mediating innate immunity in arenavirus infection and may lead to the development of pharmacological agents that can boost their effectiveness thereby leading to new treatments for this viral disease.
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- Bignon, E., et al.
(författare)
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Ibuprofen and ketoprofen potentiate UVA-induced cell death by a photosensitization process
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonsteroidal 2-arylproprionic acids are widely used, over-the-counter, anti-inflammatory drugs. Photosensitivity is a commonly overlooked adverse effect of these drugs. Based on the combined use of cell viability assays and molecular modeling, we prove and rationalize the photochemical pathways triggering photosensitization for two drugs, ibuprofen and ketoprofen. As its parent compound benzophenone, ketoprofen produces singlet oxygen, upon triplet manifold population. However, ibuprofen and ketoprofen photodissociate and hence may generate two highly reactive radicals. The formation of metastable aggregates between the two drugs and B-DNA is also directly probed by molecular dynamics. Our approach characterizes the coupled influence of the drug's intrinsic photochemistry and the interaction pattern with DNA. The photosensitization activity of nonsteroidal 2-arylproprionic acids, being added to gels and creams for topical use, should be crucially analyzed and rationalized to enact the proper preventive measures.
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- Marti, A., et al.
(författare)
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Serum and gene expression levels of CT-1, IL-6, and TNF-α after a lifestyle intervention in obese children
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X. ; 19:2, s. 217-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Inflammation related molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) are highly expressed in obese individuals and could partly explain some comorbidities associated to obesity. In obese children, lifestyle interventions are able to lower inflammation and reduce cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity. The aim of the present work was to study changes in inflammation-related molecules serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcript levels after a 10-week lifestyle intervention in obese children and asses their potential association with glucose metabolism. Methods: Twenty-three obese children (mean age 11.5 years; 48% males) underwent a 10-week lifestyle not controlled intervention trial. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were analyzed. Transcript analysis for CT-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in PBMC were performed by RT-PCR. Serum cytokine levels were also measured at baseline and after 10-weeks. Results: Participants achieved a significant reduction in body adiposity (0.34 decrease in body mass index-standard deviation), total cholesterol, and glucose levels after 10-weeks. A Significant decrease in serum TNF-α and C reactive protein (CRP) were observed. CT-1 transcript levels were significantly reduced (P =.005) after lifestyle intervention, and these changes were significantly correlated with changes in serum CT-1 levels (r = 0.451; P =.031). In multiple regression analysis baseline CT-1 transcript levels were positively associated with final insulin (R2 = 0.506; P =.035) and HOMA-IR values (R2 = 0.473; P =.034). Conclusions: We reported that serum CRP, TNF-α, as well as PBMC CT-1 transcript levels were reduced after lifestyle intervention in obese children. More studies are needed to clarify the role of inflammation-related molecules in glucose metabolism.
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| 8. |
- Peña Cárcamo, José R., et al.
(författare)
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The interplay between viperin antiviral activity, lipid droplets and Junín mammarenavirus multiplication
- 2018
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Ingår i: Virology. - : Elsevier. - 0042-6822 .- 1096-0341. ; 514, s. 216-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Junín arenavirus infections are associated with high levels of interferons in both severe and fatal cases. Upon Junín virus (JUNV) infection a cell signaling cascade initiates, that ultimately attempts to limit viral replication and prevent infection progression through the expression of host antiviral proteins. The interferon stimulated gene (ISG) viperin has drawn our attention as it has been highlighted as an important antiviral protein against several viral infections. The studies of the mechanistic actions of viperin have described important functional domains relating its antiviral and immune-modulating actions through cellular lipid structures. In line with this, through silencing and overexpression approaches, we have identified viperin as an antiviral ISG against JUNV. In addition, we found that lipid droplet structures are modulated during JUNV infection, suggesting its relevance for proper virus multiplication. Furthermore, our confocal microscopy images, bioinformatics and functional results also revealed viperin-JUNV protein interactions that might be participating in this antiviral pathway at lipid droplet level. Altogether, these results will help to better understand the factors mediating innate immunity in arenavirus infection and may lead to the development of pharmacological agents that can boost their effectiveness thereby leading to new treatments for this viral disease.
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| 9. |
- Tovedal, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Blood Flow Quantitation by Positron Emission Tomography During Selective Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 103:2, s. 610-616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Perfusion strategies during aortic surgery usually comprise hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA), often combined with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) or retrograde cerebral perfusion. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is a fundamental parameter for which the optimal level has not been clearly defined. We sought to determine the CBF at a pump flow level of 6 mL/kg/min, previously shown likely to provide adequate SACP at 20°C in pigs.METHODS: Repeated positron emission tomography (PET) scans were used to quantify the CBF and glucose metabolism throughout HCA and SACP including cooling and rewarming. Eight pigs on cardiopulmonary bypass were assigned to either HCA alone (n = 4) or HCA+SACP (n = 4). The CBF was measured by repeated [(15)O]water PET scans from baseline to rewarming. The cerebral glucose metabolism was examined by [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET scans after rewarming to 37°C.RESULTS: Cooling to 20°C decreased the cortical CBF from 0.31 ± 0.06 at baseline to 0.10 ± 0.02 mL/cm(3)/min (p = 0.008). The CBF was maintained stable by SACP of 6 mL/kg/min during 45 minutes. After rewarming to 37°C, the mean CBF increased to 0.24 ± 0.07 mL/cm(3)/min, without significant differences between the groups at any time-point exclusive of the HCA period. The net cortical uptake (Ki) of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose after rewarming showed no significant difference between the groups.CONCLUSIONS: Cooling autoregulated the CBF to 0.10 mL/cm(3)/min, and 45 minutes of SACP at 6 mL/kg/min maintained the CBF in the present model. Cerebral glucose metabolism after rewarming was similar in the study groups.
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