| 1. |
- Christmas, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary constraint and innovation across hundreds of placental mammals
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 380:6643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zoonomia is the largest comparative genomics resource for mammals produced to date. By aligning genomes for 240 species, we identify bases that, when mutated, are likely to affect fitness and alter disease risk. At least 332 million bases (similar to 10.7%) in the human genome are unusually conserved across species (evolutionarily constrained) relative to neutrally evolving repeats, and 4552 ultraconserved elements are nearly perfectly conserved. Of 101 million significantly constrained single bases, 80% are outside protein-coding exons and half have no functional annotations in the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) resource. Changes in genes and regulatory elements are associated with exceptional mammalian traits, such as hibernation, that could inform therapeutic development. Earth's vast and imperiled biodiversity offers distinctive power for identifying genetic variants that affect genome function and organismal phenotypes.
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| 2. |
- Dike, Nneoma, et al.
(författare)
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Protective and risk factors of mental health of working age adults with adventitious total bilateral blindness and low vision : a scoping review protocol
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vision loss has been associated with mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder, which significantly impact lives of working age adults with adventitious total bilateral blindness and low vision. It is imperative, therefore, to prioritize the mental health in this population by exploring and understanding the factors that impact on their mental health. Hence, the objective of this scoping review is to identify and chart existing literature on the protective and risk factors of mental health of working age adults with adventitious total bilateral blindness and low vision. We developed this scoping review protocol in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. This scoping review will include publications in English language with no date restrictions exploring the protective and risk factors of mental health of our study population. A three-step search strategy will be employed. Searches will be carried out in the following databases: Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, CINAHL and Web of Science. Search for grey literature will be conducted in Google, Google Scholar and Websites dedicated to information on visual impairment. Collated results will be imported into Endnote Basic (Clarivate) for deduplication. Two reviewers will independently conduct double screening of all the titles and abstracts in Rayyan- a web application, and full texts in Endnote while three other reviewers will conduct screening of a subset of for example 10% of titles and abstracts and full texts. Furthermore, two reviewers will independently conduct double data extraction while three other reviewers will revise, cross check, and correct any extraction errors. Extracted data will be presented in tabular formats and summarized descriptively in line with the research objectives. This scoping review will generate evidence on factors impacting the mental health of the working age adults with adventitious total bilateral blindness and low vision as well as critically highlight gaps in the literature. The findings will inform and critically underpin future empirical research which will explore the lived experiences of working age people with adventitious total bilateral blindness. Additionally, evidence from this review will inform the development of interventions in the promotion of mental health as well as assisting rehabilitation specialists and workers, public health practitioners and other relevant stakeholders in addressing the mental health needs of working age adults with adventitious total bilateral blindness and low vision.
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| 3. |
- Lerink, Bas J. W., et al.
(författare)
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How much wood can we expect from European forests in the near future?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Forestry (London). - : Oxford University Press. - 0015-752X .- 1464-3626. ; 96:4, s. 434-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demand for wood in Europe is expected to increase in the coming decades. However, any theoretical maximum supply will be affected by sustainability constraints, the motivations of forest owners and regional factors, such as incentives, species and assortments. However, the influence of these factors on supply is changeable. In this study, we quantify what might be realistically available as additional wood supply from currently existing European forests, based on a combination of results of the forest resource model EFISCEN-Space and a literature review of national supply projections. Wood mobilization scenarios for 10 representative Model Regions in Europe that assume forest owners and managers in the simulated regions will adapt their behaviour to alternative behaviour as recorded from other regions were projected with the EFISCEN-Space model. The realistic additional potential based on the literature review is 90 million m(3) yr(-1). This potential should be attainable within 10-20 years. However, the simulations in the Model Regions found potentials to be lower in 7 out of 10 cases as compared with the country they are located in. On average, the model regions reached less than half of the potential as compared with the literature review. This suggests that the realistic additional potential at the European scale may well be lower if all mobilization barriers are taken into account in more detail, but also highlights the uncertainty surrounding these estimates. We conclude from the analyses that although there are large differences in potential between regions and the analysis method employed, there are no 'hotspots' where a large pool of accessible wood can be quickly mobilized using existing infrastructure for nearby industries. An increase in harvest would therefore only be possible with a large effort that spans the whole chain, from forest owners' behaviour to capacity building, financial incentives and matching resources to harvesting capacity. The additionally available wood can most likely only be mobilized against higher marginal costs and will thus only become available in times of higher stumpage prices. The largest potential lies in privately owned forests which often have a fragmented ownership but will most likely be able to supply more wood, though mostly from deciduous species. In the long term (more than 20 years), additional wood, compared with the amounts we found for short term, can only be made available through investments in afforestation, forest restoration, improved forest management and more efficient use of raw material and recycled material.
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| 4. |
- Stanway, James, et al.
(författare)
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IgA vasculitis nephritis-outcomes in adult-onset disease
- 2024
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Ingår i: Rheumatology. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1462-0324 .- 1462-0332.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: IgA vasculitis (IgAV) in adults has been relatively under-investigated. Since outcomes are worse in other forms of vasculitis with increasing age, we investigated the outcomes of IgAV comparing younger adults (18-34), middle-aged adults (35-64) and elderly patients (>= 64 years) focusing on kidney outcomes. Methods: We identified patients with renal biopsy-confirmed IgAV nephritis and collected data regarding clinical features and progression to end stage kidney disease (ESKD). The relationship between patient factors and ESKD was analysed by regression. Results: We identified 202 cases, 34% aged 18-34, 43% aged 35-64 and 23% elderly (>64 years). Median follow-up was 44 months. Elderly patients were more likely to present with ESKD (23.9%) compared with middle-aged (13.7%) and younger adults (2.9%) (chi(2 )11.6, P = 0.002). In patients with independent kidney function at biopsy, there was no difference in outcomes between age groups. Male gender, Black ethnicity, diabetes, histological evidence of chronic renal damage and estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min were risk factors for development of ESKD. In this observational study 68.3% of patients received glucocorticoids and 56.9% additional immunosuppression. Conclusion: Elderly patients with IgAV are more likely to have ESKD at presentation, but there is no difference in renal survival between age groups, among those presenting with independent renal function. Renal impairment at biopsy is an independent risk factor for subsequent development of ESKD. There is significant variability in the timing of kidney biopsy and management of these patients among specialist centres. Young adults have outcomes more in keeping with childhood IgAV.
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| 5. |
- Sumaila, U. Rashid, et al.
(författare)
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WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 374:6567, s. 544-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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