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- Balkau, Beverley, et al.
(författare)
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Frequency of the WHO metabolic syndrome in European cohorts, and an alternative definition of an insulin resistance syndrome
- 2002
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Ingår i: Diabetes & Metabolism. - 1878-1780. ; 28:5, s. 364-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To describe the frequency, in some European populations, of the World Health Organisation (WHO) defined metabolic syndrome and to compare the frequency of this syndrome with an alternative definition for non-diabetic subjects, called the insulin resistance syndrome proposed by the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). METHODS: Investigators of eight European studies contributed, according to a written protocol, the frequencies of abnormalities of these two syndromes, by sex and age class, as well as the overall frequencies of the syndromes and the average number of abnormalities: 8200 men and 9363 women were included. RESULTS: The frequency of both syndromes increased with age and was almost always higher in men than women for a given age. In non-diabetic subjects the frequency of the WHO syndrome varied between 7% and 36% for men 40 to 55 years; for women of the same age, between 5% and 22%. The EGIR syndrome was less frequent than the WHO syndrome (1% to 22% in men, 1% to 14% in women 40-55 years), and in men this was mainly due to the differing definitions of central obesity, as the WHO definition included overall obesity, BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS: There is great variability in the frequency of the syndrome between different populations, due to the differing frequencies of the abnormalities and no doubt to the differing methodologies of measurement. Prospective studies and advances in the knowledge of physio-pathological mechanisms are required to determine the most appropriate and practical definition of the syndrome.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- John, Constance M, et al.
(författare)
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Galectin-3 binds lactosaminylated lipooligosaccharides from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and is selectively expressed by mucosal epithelial cells that are infected
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cellular Microbiology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1462-5814 .- 1462-5822. ; 4:10, s. 649-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Galectins are a family of beta-galactoside binding proteins that have been proposed as host receptors for bacteria because beta-galactoside carbohydrates are common in bacterial membrane glycolipid lipooligosaccharides (LOS) and lipopolysaccharides. We investigated the interaction of galectin-3 with gonococcal LOS that make lactosyl (Lc(2) or Lac), paraglobosyl (nLc(4) ; LNnT; lacto-N -neotetraose), gangliosyl (IV3 GalNAcnLc(4) ), and neolactohexaosyl (nLc(6) , lactonorhexaosyl) oligosaccharides. All but gangliosyl LOS terminate in beta-galactoside. Galectin-3 had the highest affinity for the nLc(6) LOS, which is made by a strain that is highly infectious for the male urethra, but also bound nLc(4) LOS and to a Lac LOS. The lacto-N -neotetraose tetrasaccharide was a more potent inhibitor of galectin-3 binding to LOS than either lactose or N -acetyllactosamine. The relative affinity of galectin-3 for gonococci mirrored its affinity for purified LOS. Western blot analysis revealed expression of galectin-3 by human endometrial adenocarcinoma and prostatic epithelial cells that can be invaded by gonococci. Immunohistochemistry of human fallopian tube epithelium showed localized expression of galectin-3 by non-ciliated cells, the specific cell gonococci invade in this tissue. We conclude that because of its location and affinity for gonococcal LOS galectin-3 could play a role in gonococcal infection.
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| 4. |
- Turcan, Eduard, et al.
(författare)
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Share it! by bringing P2P into the TV-domain
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Peer-to-Peer computing. - 0769520235
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Share it! is a European project with a focus on developing concepts and solutions for interconnecting digital TV set-top boxes that enable users to share TV-programmes. One important goal of the project is to set future standards, e.g. in content management and rights management, for broadband connected digital television.This paper introduces the project objectives and the consortium, and then focuses on how P2P technology and JXTA platform are used in solving various important issues that help to achieve the project goals.
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