| 1. |
- Cialani, Catia, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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7. Does governance explain growth? An empirical analysis on African countries
- 2024. - 1
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Ingår i: Good Governance and Economic Growth. - : Routledge. - 9781032870519 - 9781032697567
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the discourse of development economics, it is argued that the quality of governance can play a central role for the economic growth. Literature in this area is extensive and many scholars have deeply investigated the importance of governance to explain why most of the developing countries have a weak economic performance. The present work investigates the impact of governance quality on per capita GDP (gross domestic product) growth for 45 African countries using World Bank data. Governance is expressed by six different proxy indicators called World Governance Indicators (WGI). In addition to Governance Indicators, other variables such as measures of primary school enrolment, degree of openness to trade, capital, foreign direct investment (FDI), and government expenditure as the control variables are used for a relatively long period of time, 2002 to 2021. We apply Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) as econometric method to estimate our model. The findings suggest that government effectiveness, rule of law, and regulatory quality and corruption are governance measures that influence economic growth.
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| 2. |
- Cialani, Catia, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Sectoral analysis of club convergence in EU countries’ CO2 emissions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-5442. ; 235, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines convergence clubs for per capita CO2 emissions among 28 European countries intwo main activity sectors (Industry and Manufacturing) between 1970 and 2018, with a focus on theenergy sector. The method used is the Phillips-Sul log t-test using two ordering criteria to run the algorithmfor the panel countries. The first one is using the last observation and the second one uses thesample average. The results of analyses of data strongly support the existence of convergence clubs,indicating that five groups of European countries are converging to distinct steady states for theaggregate CO2 emissions. We also find evidence of convergence clubs for industry sectors whilemanufacturing sector shows clubs convergence only when we use the first criterion while in the secondcase, we find only a single steady state.
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| 3. |
- Cialani, Catia, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The Cost of Urban Waste Management : An Empirical Analysis of Recycling Patterns in Italy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sustainable Cities. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9634. ; 2:8, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Italy is facing high pressure to meet objectives to recycle waste and national waste management targets set by the European Union Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC; EC European Commission, 2008). However, waste collection and recycling waste costs pose major problems (addressed here) at municipal level for the Italian waste management system. The empirical literature on waste management has paid much more attention to demand-side aspects (reduction and discouragement of land disposal and promotion of recycling and recovery) than to supply-side issues such as analysis of waste management costs. This paper addresses the gap in this research field by estimating the cost function of providing waste collection and recycling services for Italian municipalities during the years 2011–2017. Specifically, we estimate cost elasticity and marginal costs to determine if there are economies of scale for recycling urban waste. Our findings suggest that increasing recycling rates would not substantially increase total costs for most of the municipalities, so recycling should be encouraged, especially for municipalities with low recycling rates. In particular, we observe that cost elasticity is higher in northern municipalities than in central and southern Italian municipalities. Our cost function exhibits economies of scale until a certain amount of recycled waste. The results provide insights into the cost structure of recycling that may lead to more efficient waste management.
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| 4. |
- Cialani, Catia, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of objective income and perceived economic resources on self-rated health
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal for Equity in Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-9276. ; 19:196, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSeveral studies have demonstrated that self-rated health status is affected by socioeconomic variables. However, there is little knowledge about whether perceived economic resources affect people’s health. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between self-rated health status and different measures of income. Specifically, the effect of both objective income and perceived economic resources are estimated for a very large sample of households in Italy. By estimating this relationship, this paper aims at filling the previously mentioned gap.MethodsThe data used are from the 2015 European Health Interview Survey and were collected using information from approximately 16,000 households in 562 Italian municipalities. Ordinary and generalized ordered probit models were used in estimating the effects of a set of covariates, among others measures of income, on the self-rated health status.ResultsThe results suggest that the subjective income, measured by the perceived economic resources, affects the probability of reporting a higher self-rate health status more than objective income. The results also indicate that other variables, such as age, educational level, presence/absence of chronic disease, and employment status, affect self-rated health more significantly than objective income. It is also found that males report more frequently higher rating than females.ConclusionsOur analysis demonstrates that perceived income affects significantly self-rated health. While self-perceived economic resources have been used to assess economic well-being and satisfaction, they can also be used to assess stress levels and related health outcomes. Our findings suggest that low subjective income adversely affects subjective health. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between effects of income and individuals’ perceptions of their economic resources or overall financial situation on their health. From a gender perspective, our results show that females are less likely to have high rating than males. However, as females perceive an improved economic situation, on the margin, the likelihood of a higher self-rated health increases compared to males.
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| 5. |
- Gezelius, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Having Solar Panels on the Probability of Owning Battery Electric Vehicle
- 2022
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Ingår i: World Electric Vehicle Journal. - : MDPI AG. - 2032-6653. ; 13:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Greenhouse gas emissions, produced by various sectors, including transportation, are significantly impairing the environment and drive climate change. Battery electric vehicles are increasingly seen as a way to alleviate these problems, but they must be charged with electricity produced through environmentally friendly methods. This paper investigates a possible relationship between battery electric vehicles and solar photovoltaic panels using ENABLE.EU household survey data from ten European countries in autumn 2017–spring 2018. Based on the estimates from a recursive bivariate probit model, it is found that the probability that a household owns a battery electric vehicle increases significantly if said household owns solar photovoltaic panels. This suggests that a policy encouraging the home charging of battery electric vehicles using solar photovoltaic panels that includes an energy storage facility could speed up the transition to the use of these vehicles.
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| 6. |
- Grek, Åsa, 1989-
(författare)
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Firm Policies and Critical Data Sources
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the dynamic fluctuating economic landscape, firm policies are the guiding principles that steer market conditions and firms' behaviour. In the past, these policies were formulated based on limited data and a heavy reliance on expert opinions. However, a new era is dawning, characterised by vast amounts of data processing using advanced statistical and computer science methodologies. Data-driven decision-making uses these methodologies to consolidate and process data into actionable information, leading to firm policies. The critical data sources are the data sources on which the policies are based. The data-driven decision-making allows the data to speak for itself, relying less on expert opinions for policymaking. However, it also necessitates a higher requirement of validation. This thesis investigates five different cases of firm policy and critical data sources. Each one of them will present one aspect of this broad topic. The first paper investigates selecting auxiliary variables to estimate firm characteristics, aiming to reduce bias and improve accuracy. Simple variables outperform complex ones, and complete data enhances accuracy. The second paper introduces a methodology for quantitative inductive research on ordinal survey data by new- and traditional- penalising methods. The new methods outperformed the old and could find a significant variable, while the older models could not. The third paper examines how macro-factors impacted various Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) sectors in the European Union’s member states from 2005 to 2019. The research offers valuable insights for policymakers and business leaders, aiding in tailored policy interventions and support mechanisms to address regional disparities and economic conditions. The fourth and fifth papers investigated Short-Time Work (STW), a primary policy tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. These studies used Swedish firm-level data to assess the STW policy. In the fourth paper, STW was associated with a reduction in employee numbers and a slightly increased productivity level compared to non-STW firms. In the fifth paper, STW did not increase the survival of SMEs. In conclusion, the ever-evolving economic landscape necessitates data-driven decision-making for informed actions and policymaking. This thesis is by no means a complete investigation, and further research is needed on this topic.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Malek, Wasim, et al.
(författare)
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How have waste management policies impacted the flow of municipal waste? : An empirical analysis of 14 European countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Waste Management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 164, s. 84-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waste management policies aim to divert waste from lower positions on the waste hierarchy such as landfill and incineration to higher positions in the hierarchy such as energy recovery and recycling. However, empirical evaluations of such policies are scarce. This study highlighted the effect of waste management policies on the amount of waste treated with landfill, incineration, energy recovery and recycling by analysing a panel dataset consisting of 14 European countries and the period 1996 to 2018. Findings from a seemingly unrelated regression model suggest that the landfill ban is associated with a decrease in landfill waste, but an increase in incineration, energy recovery and recycling waste. The landfill tax is also correlated with an increase in energy recovery waste but, in contrast, it is associated with a reduction in incineration and recycling waste. Meanwhile, the deposit refund scheme is associated with a decrease in the amount of landfill waste. Concerning the effects on total waste generated, regression results from a fixed effects model indicate that the landfill tax and the deposit refund scheme are both correlated with a reduction in the amount of waste generated. These findings contribute to the scarce academic literature evaluating waste management policies and may better inform policy makers on their longer-term implications.
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| 9. |
- Mortazavi, Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Expenditure-based segmentation of tourists taking into account unobserved heterogeneity : The case of Venice
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tourism Economics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1354-8166 .- 2044-0375. ; 26, s. 475-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visitors to big tourist cities are very likely heterogeneous and can be classified into different segments, for example, low and high spenders. Previous studies on visitor expenditure-based segmentation seem to have only taken into account observed heterogeneity, usually segmenting tourists based on observed characteristics. In the present study, however, the visitors to Venice, Italy, are segmented with respect to their spending into different groups based on both observed and unobserved heterogeneity using a finite mixture model. The results indicate that the visitors belong to three latent classes with respect to their expenditure. Interestingly, different variables affect expenditure differently depending on the latent class belonging. The overall conclusion is that segmenting tourists into different classes based on unobserved heterogeneity with respect to their spending is preferable and more informative than treating the visitors as one homogeneous group. The approach is also more useful for different types of policymaking.
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