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- Schötz, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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A Study of Acoustic Correlates of Speaker Age
- 2007
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Ingår i: Speaker Classification II, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783540741213 ; 2, s. 1-9
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Speaker age is a speaker characteristic which is always present in speech. Previous studies have found numerous acoustic features which correlate with speaker age. However, few attempts have been made to establish their relative importance. This study automatically extracted 161 acoustic features from six words produced by 527 speakers of both genders, and used normalised means to directly compare the features. Segment duration and sound pressure level (SPL) range were identified as the most important acoustic correlates of speaker age.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bensch, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic, morphological, and feather isotope variation of migratory willow warblers show gradual divergence in a ring.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 18:14, s. 3087-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The circular distribution of the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus around the Baltic Sea shares many features with the classic examples of ring species; however, the system is much younger. It has previously been shown that a secondary contact zone is located in central Scandinavia, where there are narrow clines for several morphological traits coincident with a migratory divide. Here we analyse multiple traits and genes from > 1700 males captured on breeding territories at 77 sites spread around the Baltic Sea to test the following hypothesis. If the secondary contact zone in Scandinavia is a result of divergence in two allopatric refuge populations during the last glaciation, we expect to find a similar secondary contact zone somewhere else around the circular distribution. Our results show that the trait clines were wider and displaced from each other along the eastern side of the Baltic Sea. Analyses of 12 microsatellite loci confirmed that the genome is very similar between the terminal forms (F(ST) = 0). Two AFLP-derived markers filtered out from a genomic scan instead appear to be maintained by selection. These markers exhibited steep clines at the secondary contact zone in Scandinavia, but as for the phenotypic traits, had vastly different cline centres east of the Baltic Sea. The trait clines along the ring distribution outside the Scandinavian secondary contact zone thus seem to have been shaped by independent action of selection or drift during the process of postglacial colonization.
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| 4. |
- Schötz, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic Analysis of Adult Speaker Age
- 2007
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Ingår i: Speaker Classification I, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783540741862 ; 1, s. 88-107
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- nformation about the age of the speaker is always present in speech. It is used as perceptual cues to age by human listeners, and can be measured acoustically and used by automatic age estimators. This chapter offers an introduction to the phonetic study of speaker age, with focus on what is known about the acoustic features which vary with age. The age-related acoustic variation in temporal as well as in laryngeally and supralaryngeally conditioned aspects of speech has been well documented. For example, features related to speech rate, sound pressure level (SPL) and fundamental frequency (F0) have been studied extensively, and appear to be important correlates of speaker age. However, the relationships among the correlates appear to be rather complex, and are influenced by several factors. For instance, differences have been reported between correlates of female and male age, between speakers of good and poor physiological condition, between chronological age and perceived age, and also between different speech sample types (e.g. sustained vowels, read or spontaneous speech). More research is thus needed in order to build reliable automatic classifiers of speaker age.
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