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- Teneberg, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Lactotetraosylceramide, a novel glycosphingolipid receptor for Helicobacter pylori, present in human gastric epithelium
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - Bethesda : American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 277:22, s. 19709-19719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The binding of Helicobacter pylori to glycosphingolipids was examined by binding of 35S-labeled bacteria to glycosphingolipids on thin-layer chromatograms. In addition to previously reported binding specificities, a selective binding to a non-acid tetraglycosylceramide of human meconium was found. This H. pylori binding glycosphingolipid was isolated and, on the basis of mass spectrometry, proton NMR spectroscopy, and degradation studies, were identified as Galβ3GlcNAcβ3-Galβ4Glcβ1Cer (lactotetraosylceramide). When using non-acid glycosphingolipid preparations from human gastric epithelial cells, an identical binding of H. pylori to the tetraglycosylceramide interval was obtained in one of seven samples. Evidence for the presence of lactotetraosylceramide in the binding-active interval was obtained by proton NMR spectroscopy of intact glycosphingolipids and by gas chromatography-electron ionization mass spectrometry of permethylated tetrasaccharides obtained by ceramide glycanase hydrolysis. The lactotetraosylceramide binding property was detected in 65 of 74 H. pylori isolates (88%) Binding of H. pylori to lactotetraosylceramide on thin-layer chromatograms was inhibited by preincubation with lactotetraose but not with lactose. Removal of the terminal galactose of lactotetraosylceramide by galactosidase hydrolysis abolished the binding as did hydrazinolysis of the acetamido group of the N-acetylglucosamine. Therefore, Galβ3GlcNAc is an essential part of the binding epitope.
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- Klockhoff, H, et al.
(författare)
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Faster absorption of ethanol and higher peak concentration in women after gastric bypass surgery
- 2002
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Ingår i: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0306-5251 .- 1365-2125. ; 54:6, s. 587-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To investigate the absorption, distribution and elimination of ethanol in women with abnormal gut as a result of gastric bypass surgery. Patients who undergo gastric bypass for morbid obesity complain of increased sensitivity to the effects of alcohol after the operation. Methods: Twelve healthy women operated for morbid obesity at least 3 years earlier were recruited. Twelve other women closely matched in terms of age and body mass index (BMI) served as the control group. After an overnight fast each subject drank 95% v/v ethanol (0.30 g kg-1 body weight) as a bolus dose. The ethanol was diluted with orange juice to 20% v/v and finished in 5 min. Specimens of venous blood were taken from an indwelling catheter before drinking started and every 10 min for up to 3.5 h post-dosing. The blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was determined by headspace gas chromatography. Results: The maximum blood-ethanol concentration (Cmax) was 0.741 ▒ 0.211 g l-1 (▒ s.d.) in the operated group compared with 0.577 ▒ 0.112 g l-1 in the controls (mean difference 0.164 g l-1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.021, 0.307). The median time to peak (tmax) was 10 min in the bypass patients compared with 30 min in controls (median difference -15 min (95% CI -10, -20 min). At 10 and 20 min post-dosing the BAC was higher in the bypass patients (P < 0.05) but not at 30 min and all later times (P > 0.05). Other pharmacokinetic parameters of ethanol were not significantly different between the two groups of women (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The higher sensitivity to ethanol after gastric bypass surgery probably reflects the more rapid absorption of ethanol leading to higher Cmax and earlier tmax. The marked reduction in body weight after the operation might also be a factor to consider if the same absolute quantity of ethanol is consumed.
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- Larsson, Ingrid, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Body composition in the SOS (Swedish Obese Subjects) reference study
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 28, s. 1317-1324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Body Composition and Metabolism, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE 41345 Göteborg, Sweden. lars.sjostrom@medfak.gu.se OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to establish population-based, sex- and age-specific reference data with respect to body composition variables. Secondary objectives were to relate body mass index (BMI) to anthropometric measurements reflecting central adiposity and to body fat (BF). Another objective was to examine if secular changes in adipose tissue distribution occurred during the sampling period, 1994-1999. DESIGN: Sex- and age-specific data on anthropometric measurements and body composition were cross-sectionally collected in the reference study of Swedish Obese Subjects. SUBJECTS: In total, 1135 randomly selected subjects (524 men and 611 women), aged 37-61 y, BMI 17.6-45.4 kg/m(2). MEASUREMENTS: Measures of body fatness and fat distribution (by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry) were collected. RESULTS: At BMI 25 kg/m(2), relative (absolute) BF mass was 24% (19 kg) in men vs 36% (25 kg) in women, waist circumference was 90 vs 85 cm, and sagittal trunk diameter was 21 vs 19 cm. BF and measures of centralized adipose tissue distribution increased with age in both sexes (P<0.01). In women, waist circumference and sagittal diameter increased (P<0.01) over the sampling period while BMI did not. CONCLUSIONS: Sex- and age-specific reference data on body composition are reported from a randomly selected sample of Swedish men and women. At given BMIs, women had more BF but smaller waist circumference than men. Secular increases in indices of central obesity were found in women but not in men. PMID: 15314632 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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- Wengström, Yvonne, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative assessment of skin erythema following breast cancer RT
- 2003
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 68, s. S20-S20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visual assessment is the most common clinical investigation of skin reactions in radiotherapy. Due to the unquantitative and subjective nature of this method additional non-invasive methods are needed for more accurate evaluation of the visible acute adverse skin reactions due to radiotherapy• The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new objective measure with regard to reliability and validity and compare it with an established objective measure and a visual assessment.Material and Methods: A sample of fifty-three consecutive patients commencing curative tangential radiation therapy to the breast parenchyma was included in the study• The skin area of the treated breast was divided into five sections and assessed individually at 0 Gy, 24 Gy and 50 Gy. The RTOG scoring system was used for the visual assessment of the skin reactions. The first objective measure included reflectance spectrometry (DermaSpectrometer) measures at fixed points within the treatment area. For the second objective measure digital images were taken with a system using a digital camera and software. The images were analyzed using the Adobe Photoshop 5•0 software program•Results: The results provided significant evidence of the test-retest reliability of the camera• The correlation between the objective measures proved to be significant as the treatment progressed• The results suggest that the Camera may be used in a reliable and valid way to measure skin erythema due to radiotherapy•
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