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- Awungafac, G, et al.
(författare)
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Household food insecurity and its association with self-reported male perpetration of intimate partner violence: a survey of two districts in central and western Uganda
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:3, s. e045427-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to determine the lifetime prevalence of male-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV), and to assess the association with food insecurity, sociodemographic factors and health risk behaviours in Uganda in the year preceding COVID-19-associated lockdowns.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional household survey.SettingUrban, semiurban and rural communities of the Wakiso and Hoima districts in Uganda.ParticipantsA total of N=2014 males aged 13–80 years participated in the survey. The current study included males who reported having ever been in a sexual union and responded to the IPV questions (N=1314).MeasuresData were collected face-to-face from May 2018 to July 2019 using an interviewer-mediated questionnaire. Lifetime IPV perpetration was measured as ‘no physical and/or sexual IPV’, ‘physical’ versus ‘sexual violence only’, and ‘physical and sexual violence’. Past-year food insecurity was measured through the Food Insecurity Experience Scale and categorised into ‘none’, ‘low’ and ‘high’. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the crude and adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRRs) of IPV perpetration in relation to self-reported food insecurity, adjusting for sociodemographic and health risk behaviours.ResultsThe prevalence of self-reported lifetime IPV perpetration was 14.6% for physical and 6.5% for sexual violence, while 5.3% reported to have perpetrated both physical and sexual IPV. Most (75.7%) males reported no food insecurity, followed by low (20.7%) and high (3.6%) food insecurity. In adjusted models, food insecurity was associated with increased risk of having perpetrated both physical and sexual violence (aRRR=2.57, 95% CI 1.52 to 4.32). IPV perpetration was also independently associated with having had more than one lifetime sexual partner and drinking alcohol, but not with education level or religion.ConclusionThis study suggests that food insecurity is associated with male IPV perpetration, and more efforts are needed to prevent and mitigate the expected worsening of this situation as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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- Enriquez, R., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in south Central Uganda : A cross-sectional survey
- 2024
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite numerous risk factors and serious consequences, little is known about metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) at population level in Africa. Aim: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of MASLD in people living with and without HIV in Uganda. Methods: We collected data from 37 communities in South Central Uganda between May 2016 and May 2018. We estimated MASLD prevalence using the fatty liver index and advanced liver fibrosis using the dynamic aspartate-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio. We collected additional data on sociodemographics, HIV and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between HIV, CVD risk factors and MASLD. Results: We included 759 people with HIV and 704 HIV-negative participants aged 35–49. MASLD prevalence was 14% in women and 8% in men; advanced liver fibrosis prevalence was estimated to be <1%. MASLD prevalence was more common in women (15% vs. 13%) and men (9% vs. 6%) with HIV. Being female (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–3.3) was associated with a higher odds of MASLD after adjustment for confounders; HIV infection was borderline associated with MASLD (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0–2.0). Conclusions: In a relatively young cohort in Uganda, 14% of women and 8% of men had MASLD. There was an indication of an association between HIV and MASLD in multivariable analysis. These data are the first to describe the population-level burden of MASLD in sub-Saharan Africa using data from a population-based cohort.
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