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- Rautio, Aslak, et al.
(författare)
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Favourable trends in the incidence and outcome ofmyocardial infarction in nondiabetic, but not in diabetic, subjects : findings from the MONICA myocardial infarctionregistry in northern Sweden in 1989–2000
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 258:4, s. 369-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to comparetime trends in incidence, case fatality and mortalitydue to myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with orwithout diabetes.Methods: This study was based on the Northe rnSweden MONICA Project MI registry with a targetpopulation of about 200 000 inhabitants in the agegroup 35–64 years in the two northernmostcounties of Sweden. During 1989–2000, 6254patients who had had an MI according to MONICAcriteria were included in this study: 4569 patientshad a first MI and 1685 had a recurrent MI. Sixteenper cent of the men and 20% of the women had haddiabetes mellitus diagnosed prior the MI.Results: Over the 12-year period, there was adeclining trend in incidence and case fatality infirst MI. Also, the event rates (first ever andrecurrent MI) decline d in men without diabetes. Inwomen without diabetes favourable time trendswere seen in first ever MI, recurrent MI and in casefatality. There were no favourable time trends forany of these outcomes in patients with diabetes.Conclusion: In nondiabetic subjects belo w the age of65, the inc idence of, and case-fatality in, MIdeclined. This led to a decreased mortality over the12-year period. These favourable trends over timewere not observed in diabetic subjects.Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, diabetesmellitus, incidence, mortali ty, time trends
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- Rodu, Brad, et al.
(författare)
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Tobacco use among Swedish schoolchildren
- 2005
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Ingår i: Tobacco Control. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0964-4563 .- 1468-3318. ; 14:6, s. 405-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of snus use and of smoking among Swedish schoolchildren from 1989 to 2003.DESIGN: Surveys conducted by the Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs.SETTING: All of Sweden.SUBJECTS: 84,472 boys and girls age 15-16 years.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects are classified as non-smokers, occasional smokers, and regular smokers, and into three similar categories for snus use. Tobacco use is reported as sex specific prevalence.RESULTS: During the period 1989 to 2003, the prevalence of tobacco use declined both among boys and girls. For boys, regular smoking declined after 1992 from 10% to 4%. Their snus use was about 10% in the 1990s but increased to 13% by 2003. Regular smoking among girls was 20% in early years and declined to 15%. Smoking among girls was always double that among boys. Patterns of occasional tobacco use were similar to those of regular use.CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of snus use in Sweden not only reduces smoking rates among Swedish men, but suppresses smoking among boys as well.
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- Söderström, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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17beta-estradiol and enriched environment accelerate cognitive recovery after focal brain ischemia
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neuroscience. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0953-816X .- 1460-9568. ; 29:6, s. 1215-1224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive impairments, including spatial memory and learning deficiencies, are common after ischemic stroke. Estrogen substitution improves cognitive functions in post-menopausal women and ovariectomized rodents, partially through induction of neuroplasticity in the hippocampal formation. Post-ischemic housing of male rats in an enriched environment (EE) improves functional outcome, without changing infarct volume. We hypothesized that 17beta-estradiol combined with an EE would accelerate cognitive recovery after focal brain ischemia in ovariectomized rats and that recovery would be related to altered expression of nerve growth factor-induced gene (NGFI)-A in the hippocampus. 17beta-estradiol or placebo pellets were implanted 6 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Two days later, rats were placed in an EE or a deprived environment (DE) for 6 weeks. At 5 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion, 17beta-estradiol-treated rats housed in an EE showed improvements in cognitive function (i.e. shorter latency and path in the Morris water maze task) compared with placebo-treated animals housed in an EE. Furthermore, beneficial effects on latency and path were observed when comparing EE-housed vs. DE-housed 17beta-estradiol-treated rats. When comparing 17beta-estradiol-treated EE-housed rats vs. placebo-treated DE-housed rats, pronounced effects on latency and path were observed. Infarct volumes did not differ between groups. 17beta-estradiol-treated EE-housed rats had significantly higher NGFI-A mRNA expression bilaterally in the cornu ammonis 1 region and in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, compared with placebo-treated EE-housed rats. In conclusion, 17beta-estradiol treatment combined with an EE improved recovery of cognitive function after experimental brain ischemia, putatively through the upregulation of NGFI-A in hippocampal subregions.
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