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- Abdellaoui, G., et al.
(författare)
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First observations of speed of light tracks by a fluorescence detector looking down on the atmosphere
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- EUSO-Balloon is a pathfinder mission for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory onboard the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EUSO). It was launched on the moonless night of the 25(th) of August 2014 from Timmins, Canada. The flight ended successfully after maintaining the target altitude of 38 km for five hours. One part of the mission was a 2.5 hour underflight using a helicopter equipped with three UV light sources (LED, xenon flasher and laser) to perform an inflight calibration and examine the detectors capability to measure tracks moving at the speed of light. We describe the helicopter laser system and details of the underflight as well as how the laser tracks were recorded and found in the data. These are the first recorded laser tracks measured from a fluorescence detector looking down on the atmosphere. Finally, we present a first reconstruction of the direction of the laser tracks relative to the detector.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Morgantini, C., et al.
(författare)
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Liver macrophages regulate systemic metabolism through non-inflammatory factors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 1:4, s. 445-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liver macrophages (LMs) have been proposed to contribute to metabolic disease through secretion of inflammatory cytokines. However, anti-inflammatory drugs lead to only modest improvements in systemic metabolism. Here we show that LMs do not undergo a proinflammatory phenotypic switch in obesity-induced insulin resistance in flies, mice and humans. Instead, we find that LMs produce non-inflammatory factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), that directly regulate liver metabolism. IGFBP7 binds to the insulin receptor and induces lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis via activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling. We further show that IGFBP7 is subject to RNA editing at a higher frequency in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive obese patients (90% versus 30%, respectively), resulting in an IGFBP7 isoform with potentially higher capacity to bind to the insulin receptor. Our study demonstrates that LMs can contribute to insulin resistance independently of their inflammatory status and indicates that non-inflammatory factors produced by macrophages might represent new drug targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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| 4. |
- Hedenbro, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry, SOReg
- 2015
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Ingår i: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 25:10, s. 1893-1900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity surgery is expanding, the quality of care is ever more important, and learning curve assessment should be established. A large registry cohort can show long-term effects on obesity and its comorbidities, complications, and long-term side effects of surgery, as well as changes in health-related quality of life (QoL). Sweden is ideally suited to the task of data collection and audit, with universal use of personal identification numbers, nation-wide registries permitting cross-matching to analyze causes of death, in-hospital care, and health-related absenteeism. In 2004, the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg) was initiated and government financing secured. A project group created a national database covering all public as well as private hospitals. Data entry was to be made online, operative definitions of comorbidity were formed, and complication severity scored. Several forms of audit were devised. After pilot studies, the system has been running in its present form since 2007. Since 15 January 2013, SOReg covers all bariatric surgery centers in Sweden. The number of operations in the database exceeded 40,000 (March 2014), with a median follow-up of 2.94 years. Audit shows that > 98 % of data are correct. All results are publicized annually on the Internet. Using this systematic approach, it has been possible to cover > 99 % of all bariatric surgery, cross-matching our data with nation-wide registries for in-hospital care, cause of death, and permitting regular nation-wide audit. Several scientific studies have used, or are using, what seems to be the most comprehensive database in obesity surgery.
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| 6. |
- Spalding, KL, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of fat mass and distribution on lipid turnover in human adipose tissue
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8, s. 15253-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differences in white adipose tissue (WAT) lipid turnover between the visceral (vWAT) and subcutaneous (sWAT) depots may cause metabolic complications in obesity. Here we compare triglyceride age and, thereby, triglyceride turnover in vWAT and sWAT biopsies from 346 individuals and find that subcutaneous triglyceride age and storage capacity are increased in overweight or obese individuals. Visceral triglyceride age is only increased in excessively obese individuals and associated with a lower lipid removal capacity. Thus, although triglyceride storage capacity in sWAT is higher than in vWAT, the former plateaus at substantially lower levels of excess WAT mass than vWAT. In individuals with central or visceral obesity, lipid turnover is selectively increased in vWAT. Obese individuals classified as ‘metabolically unhealthy’ (according to ATPIII criteria) who have small subcutaneous adipocytes exhibit reduced triglyceride turnover. We conclude that excess WAT results in depot-specific differences in lipid turnover and increased turnover in vWAT and/or decreased turnover in sWAT may result in metabolic complications of overweight or obesity.
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