| 1. |
- Journeau, C., et al.
(författare)
-
European Research on the Corium issues within the SARNET network of excellence
- 2008
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants, ICAPP 2008. - 9781605607870 ; , s. 1172-1181
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within SARNET, the corium topic covers all the behaviors of corium from early phase of core degradation to in or ex-vessel corium recovery with the exception of corium interaction with water, direct containment heating and fission product release. The corium topic regroups in three work packages the critical mass of competence required to improve significantly the corium behavior knowledge. The spirit of the SARNET networking is to share the knowledge, the facilities and the simulation tools for severe accidents, so to reach a better efficiency and to rationalize the R&D effort at European level. Extensive benchmarking has been launched in most of the areas of research. These benchmarks were mainly dedicated to the recalculation of experiments, while, in the next periods, a larger focus will be given to integral experiments or reactor applications. Eventually, all the knowledge will be accumulated in the ASTEC severe accident simulation code through physical model improvements and extension of validation database. This paper summarizes the progress that has been achieved in the frame of the networking activities. A special focus is placed on the melt pool and debris coolability and corium-concrete interaction, in which, the effects due to multidimensional geometries and heterogeneities has been shown, during SARNET, to play a crucial role and for which further research is still needed.
|
|
| 2. |
- Kuttippurath, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Intercomparison of ozone profile measurements from ASUR, SCIAMACHY, MIPAS, OSIRIS, and SMR
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 112:D9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The airborne submillimeter radiometer ( ASUR) was deployed onboard the Falcon research aircraft during the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric cartography ( SCIAMACHY) validation and utilization experiment ( SCIAVALUE) and the European polar stratospheric cloud and lee wave experiment ( EuPLEx) campaigns. A large number of ozone profile measurements were performed over a latitude band spanning from 5 degrees S to 80 degrees N in September 2002 and February/March 2003 during the SCIAVALUE and around the northern polar latitudes in January/February 2003 during the EuPLEx. Both missions amassed an ample microwave ozone profile data set that is used to make quantitative comparisons with satellite measurements in order to assess the quality of the satellite retrievals. In this paper, the ASUR ozone profile measurements are compared with measurements from SCIAMACHY and Michelson interferometer for passive atmospheric sounding ( MIPAS) on Environmental Satellite and optical spectrograph and infrared imager system ( OSIRIS) and submillimeter radiometer ( SMR) on the Odin satellite. The cross comparisons with the criterion that the ASUR measurements are performed within +/- 1000 km and +/- 6 hrs of the satellite observations show a good agreement with all the four satellite sensors. The differences in data values are the following: -4 to +8% for ASUR-SCIAMACHY ( operational product, v2.1), within +/- 15% for ASUR-SCIAMACHY ( scientific product, v1.62), up to +6% for ASUR-MIPAS ( operational product v4.61) and ASUR- MIPAS ( scientific product v1-O(3)-1), up to 17% for ASUR- OSIRIS ( v012), and -6 to 17% for ASUR- SMR ( v222) between the 20- and 40- km altitude range depending on latitude. Thus, the intercomparisons provide important quantitative information about the quality of the satellite ozone profiles, which has to be considered when using the data for scientific analyses.
|
|
| 3. |
- Slater, Graham J., et al.
(författare)
-
Evolutionary History of the Falklands Wolf
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 19:20, s. R937-R938
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Haas, Gabriel P, et al.
(författare)
-
Needle biopsies on autopsy prostates: sensitivity of cancer detection based on true prevalence
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 99:19, s. 1484-1489
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It is difficult to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy for prostate cancer because men with negative biopsy do not undergo radical prostatectomy and thus have no confirmation of biopsy findings. METHODS: We performed 18-core needle biopsies on autopsy prostates from 164 men who had no history of prostate cancer. Six-core biopsies were taken from each of the mid peripheral zone (MPZ), the lateral peripheral zone (LPZ), and the central zone (CZ). We tested associations between age and tumor characteristics and analyzed the sensitivity of biopsies at each site. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Prostate cancer was present in 47 (29%) prostates. Of the 47 cancers detected, 20 were clinically significant according to histologic criteria. Tumor volume was associated with tumor grade (P = .012) and with age (P<.001). The biopsies from the CZ did not detect any cancer that was not present in biopsies of either the MPZ or LPZ. The sensitivity of the biopsies taken from the MPZ and LPZ together (53%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 38% to 68%) was therefore the same as that of 18-core biopsies and was superior to that of biopsies of the MPZ alone (30%, 95% CI = 17% to 45%) (P = .003). The sensitivities of biopsies from the MPZ for clinically significant and insignificant cancer were 55% (95% CI = 32% to 77%) and 11% (95% CI = 2% to 29%), respectively, compared with 80% (95% CI = 56% to 94%) and 33% (95% CI = 17% to 54%) for those from the MPZ and LPZ combined. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to detect prostate cancer was more related to the biopsy site than to the number of biopsy cores taken. The 12-core biopsies, six cores each from the MPZ and LPZ, were most likely to detect the majority of clinically significant cancers but also detected many insignificant cancers. When the six-core biopsies from the CZ were added, no increase in sensitivity was observed.
|
|
| 6. |
- Nicolas, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Pharyngeal carriage of serogroup W135 Neisseria meningitidis in Hajjees and their family contacts in Morocco, Oman and Sudan
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 113:3, s. 182-186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2000 the global outbreak that began in Saudi Arabia was caused by a W135:2a:P1.5,2 strain of Neisseria meningitidis belonging to the ET-37 complex and to ST-11. There was concern that introduction of this epidemic clone (EC) might lead to a wave of outbreaks in the African meningitis belt. The WHO therefore initiated studies of meningococcal carriage among pilgrims and their family contacts in Morocco, Oman and Sudan, 3 to 12 months after the Hajj 2000. In Morocco, 1186 persons were swabbed 3 times. Ninety-five meningococcal strains were isolated from 2.7% of the specimens. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that 32 (33.6%) were identical with the EC. In Sudan, 5 strains identical with the EC were obtained after sampling 285 persons. In Oman, among 18 meningococcal strains isolated from 399 subjects, 11 (61.1%) belonged to the EC. The important pharyngeal carriage of W135 (EC) and its role in the 2001–2002 outbreaks in Burkina Faso argues for the necessity of reinforcing surveillance, and adapting and planning responses in Africa and the Middle East using the most appropriate vaccine.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ricaud, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Polar Vortex Evolution during the 2002 Antarctic Major Warming as Observed by the Odin Satellite
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 110:D5, s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In September 2002 the Antarctic polar vortex split in two under the influence of a sudden warming. During this event, the Odin satellite was able to measure both ozone (O(3)) and chlorine monoxide (ClO), a key constituent responsible for the so-called "ozone hole'', together with nitrous oxide (N(2)O), a dynamical tracer, and nitric acid (HNO(3)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), tracers of denitrification. The submillimeter radiometer (SMR) microwave instrument and the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System (OSIRIS) UV-visible light spectrometer (VIS) and IR instrument on board Odin have sounded the polar vortex during three different periods: before (19-20 September), during (24-25 September), and after (1-2 and 4-5 October) the vortex split. Odin observations coupled with the Reactive Processes Ruling the Ozone Budget in the Stratosphere (REPROBUS) chemical transport model at and above 500 K isentropic surfaces (heights above 18 km) reveal that on 19-20 September the Antarctic vortex was dynamically stable and chemically nominal: denitrified, with a nearly complete chlorine activation, and a 70% O(3) loss at 500 K. On 25-26 September the unusual morphology of the vortex is monitored by the N(2)O observations. The measured ClO decay is consistent with other observations performed in 2002 and in the past. The vortex split episode is followed by a nearly complete deactivation of the ClO radicals on 1-2 October, leading to the end of the chemical O(3) loss, while HNO(3) and NO(2) fields start increasing. This acceleration of the chlorine deactivation results from the warming of the Antarctic vortex in 2002, putting an early end to the polar stratospheric cloud season. The model simulation suggests that the vortex elongation toward regions of strong solar irradiance also favored the rapid reformation of ClONO(2). The observed dynamical and chemical evolution of the 2002 polar vortex is qualitatively well reproduced by REPROBUS. Quantitative differences are mainly attributable to the too weak amounts of HNO(3) in the model, which do not produce enough NO(2) in presence of sunlight to deactivate chlorine as fast as observed by Odin.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
