| 1. |
- Bakker, G. J., et al.
(författare)
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Oral vancomycin treatment does not alter markers of postprandial inflammation in lean and obese subjects
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physiological Reports. - : Wiley. - 2051-817X. ; 7:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intake of a high-fat meal induces a systemic inflammatory response in the postprandial which is augmented in obese subjects. However, the underlying mechanisms of this response have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to assess the effect of gut microbiota modulation on postprandial inflammatory response in lean and obese subjects. Ten lean and ten obese subjects with metabolic syndrome received oral vancomycin 500 mg four times per day for 7 days. Oral high-fat meal tests (50 g fat/m(2) body surface area) were performed before and after vancomycin intervention. Gut microbiota composition, leukocyte counts, plasma lipopolysaccharides (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), IL-6 and MCP-1 concentrations and monocyte CCR2 and cytokine expression were determined before and after the high-fat meal. Oral vancomycin treatment resulted in profound changes in gut microbiota composition and significantly decreased bacterial diversity in both groups (phylogenetic diversity pre- versus post-intervention: lean, 56.9 +/- 7.8 vs. 21.4 +/- 6.6, P < 0.001; obese, 53.9 +/- 7.8 vs. 21.0 +/- 5.9, P < 0.001). After intervention, fasting plasma LPS significantly increased (lean, median [IQR] 0.81 [0.63-1.45] EU/mL vs. 2.23 [1.33-3.83] EU/mL, P = 0.017; obese, median [IQR] 0.76 [0.45-1.03] EU/mL vs. 1.44 [1.11-4.24], P = 0.014). However, postprandial increases in leukocytes and plasma LPS were unaffected by vancomycin in both groups. Moreover, we found no changes in plasma LBP, IL-6 and MCP-1 or in monocyte CCR2 expression. Despite major vancomycin-induced disruption of the gut microbiota and increased fasting plasma LPS, the postprandial inflammatory phenotype in lean and obese subjects was unaffected in this study.
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| 2. |
- Bouter, K. E. C., et al.
(författare)
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Differential metabolic effects of oral butyrate treatment in lean versus metabolic syndrome subjects article
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2155-384X. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been associated with beneficial metabolic effects. However, the direct effect of oral butyrate on metabolic parameters in humans has never been studied. In this first in men pilot study, we thus treated both lean and metabolic syndrome male subjects with oral sodium butyrate and investigated the effect on metabolism. Methods: Healthy lean males (n = 9) and metabolic syndrome males (n = 10) were treated with oral 4 g of sodium butyrate daily for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, insulin sensitivity was determined by a two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp using [6,6-2H2]-glucose. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) uptake of glucose was visualized using 18F-FDG PET-CT. Fecal SCFA and bile acid concentrations as well as microbiota composition were determined before and after treatment. Results: Oral butyrate had no effect on plasma and fecal butyrate levels after treatment, but did alter other SCFAs in both plasma and feces. Moreover, only in healthy lean subjects a significant improvement was observed in both peripheral (median Rd: from 71 to 82 μmol/kg min, p < 0.05) and hepatic insulin sensitivity (EGP suppression from 75 to 82% p < 0.05). Although BAT activity was significantly higher at baseline in lean (SUVmax: 12.4 ± 1.8) compared with metabolic syndrome subjects (SUVmax: 0.3 ± 0.8, p < 0.01), no significant effect following butyrate treatment on BAT was observed in either group (SUVmax lean to 13.3 ± 2.4 versus metabolic syndrome subjects to 1.2 ± 4.1). Conclusions: Oral butyrate treatment beneficially affects glucose metabolism in lean but not metabolic syndrome subjects, presumably due to an altered SCFA handling in insulin-resistant subjects. Although preliminary, these first in men findings argue against oral butyrate supplementation as treatment for glucose regulation in human subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. © 2018 The Author(s).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kootte, R. S., et al.
(författare)
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Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity after Lean Donor Feces in Metabolic Syndrome Is Driven by Baseline Intestinal Microbiota Composition
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-4131. ; 26:4, s. 611-619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intestinal microbiota has been implicated in insulin resistance, although evidence regarding causality in humans is scarce. We therefore studied the effect of lean donor (allogenic) versus own (autologous) fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to male recipients with the metabolic syndrome. Whereas we did not observe metabolic changes at 18 weeks after FMT, insulin sensitivity at 6 weeks after allogenic FMT was significantly improved, accompanied by altered microbiota composition. We also observed changes in plasma metabolites such as gamma-aminobutyric acid and show that metabolic response upon allogenic FMT (defined as improved insulin sensitivity 6 weeks after FMT) is dependent on decreased fecal microbial diversity at baseline. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of lean donor FMT on glucose metabolism are associated with changes in intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolites and can be predicted based on baseline fecal microbiota composition.
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| 5. |
- Smits, L. P., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Vegan Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Carnitine- and Choline-Derived Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Production and Vascular Inflammation in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2047-9980. ; 7:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIntestinal microbiota have been found to be linked to cardiovascular disease via conversion of the dietary compounds choline and carnitine to the atherogenic metabolite TMAO (trimethylamine-N-oxide). Specifically, a vegan diet was associated with decreased plasma TMAO levels and nearly absent TMAO production on carnitine challenge. Methods and ResultsWe performed a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study in which 20 male metabolic syndrome patients were randomized to single lean vegan-donor or autologous fecal microbiota transplantation. At baseline and 2weeks thereafter, we determined the ability to produce TMAO from d(6)-choline and d(3)-carnitine (eg, labeled and unlabeled TMAO in plasma and 24-hour urine after oral ingestion of 250mg of both isotope-labeled precursor nutrients), and fecal samples were collected for analysis of microbiota composition. F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans of the abdominal aorta, as well as exvivo peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine production assays, were performed. At baseline, fecal microbiota composition differed significantly between vegans and metabolic syndrome patients. With vegan-donor fecal microbiota transplantation, intestinal microbiota composition in metabolic syndrome patients, as monitored by global fecal microbial community structure, changed toward a vegan profile in some of the patients; however, no functional effects from vegan-donor fecal microbiota transplantation were seen on TMAO production, abdominal aortic F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, or exvivo cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ConclusionsSingle lean vegan-donor fecal microbiota transplantation in metabolic syndrome patients resulted in detectable changes in intestinal microbiota composition but failed to elicit changes in TMAO production capacity or parameters related to vascular inflammation.
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| 6. |
- Cammarota, G., et al.
(författare)
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European consensus conference on faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice
- 2017
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 66:4, s. 569-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an important therapeutic option for Clostridium difficile infection. Promising findings suggest that FMT may play a role also in the management of other disorders associated with the alteration of gut microbiota. Although the health community is assessing FMT with renewed interest and patients are becoming more aware, there are technical and logistical issues in establishing such a non-standardised treatment into the clinical practice with safety and proper governance. In view of this, an evidence-based recommendation is needed to drive the practical implementation of FMT. In this European Consensus Conference, 28 experts from 10 countries collaborated, in separate working groups and through an evidence-based process, to provide statements on the following key issues: FMT indications; donor selection; preparation of faecal material; clinical management and faecal delivery and basic requirements for implementing an FMT centre. Statements developed by each working group were evaluated and voted by all members, first through an electronic Delphi process, and then in a plenary consensus conference. The recommendations were released according to best available evidence, in order to act as guidance for physicians who plan to implement FMT, aiming at supporting the broad availability of the procedure, discussing other issues relevant to FMT and promoting future clinical research in the area of gut microbiota manipulation. This consensus report strongly recommends the implementation of FMT centres for the treatment of C. difficile infection as well as traces the guidelines of technicality, regulatory, administrative and laboratory requirements.
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| 7. |
- Deschasaux, M., et al.
(författare)
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Depicting the composition of gut microbiota in a population with varied ethnic origins but shared geography
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 24:10, s. 1526-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trillions of microorganisms inhabit the human gut and are regarded as potential key factors for health(1,2). Characteristics such as diet, lifestyle, or genetics can shape the composition of the gut microbiota(2-6) and are usually shared by individuals from comparable ethnic origin. So far, most studies assessing how ethnicity relates to the intestinal microbiota compared small groups living at separate geographical locations(7-10). Using fecal 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing in 2,084 participants of the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study(11,12), we show that individuals living in the same city tend to share similar gut microbiota characteristics with others of their ethnic background. Ethnicity contributed to explain the interindividual dissimilarities in gut microbiota composition, with three main poles primarily characterized by operational taxonomic units (OTUs) classified as Prevotella (Moroccans, Turks, Ghanaians), Bacteroides (African Surinamese, South-Asian Surinamese), and Clostridiales (Dutch). The Dutch exhibited the greatest gut microbiota alpha-diversity and the South-Asian Surinamese the smallest, with corresponding enrichment or depletion in numerous OTUs. Ethnic differences in alpha-diversity and interindividual dissimilarities were independent of metabolic health and only partly explained by ethnic-related characteristics including sociodemographic, lifestyle, or diet factors. Hence, the ethnic origin of individuals may be an important factor to consider in microbiome research and its potential future applications in ethnic-diverse societies.
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| 8. |
- Bakker, G. J., et al.
(författare)
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Pancreatic 18 F-FDG uptake is increased in type 2 diabetes patients compared to non-diabetic controls
- 2019
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Increasing evidence indicates that the development of type 2 diabetes is driven by chronic low grade beta-cell inflammation. However, it is unclear whether pancreatic inflammation can be noninvasively visualized in type 2 diabetes patients. We aimed to assess pancreatic 18 F-FDG uptake in type 2 diabetes patients and controls using 18 F-fluorodeoxylglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET/CT). Material and methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we enrolled 20 type 2 diabetes patients and 65 controls who had undergone a diagnostic 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan and obtained standardized uptake values (SUVs) of pancreas and muscle. Pancreatic SUV was adjusted for background uptake in muscle and for fasting blood glucose concentrations. Results The maximum pancreatic SUVs adjusted for background muscle uptake (SUV max.m ) and fasting blood glucose concentration (SUV glucose ) were significantly higher in diabetes patients compared to controls (median 2.86 [IQR 2.24–4.36] compared to 2.15 [IQR 1.51–2.83], p = 0.006 and median 2.76 [IQR 1.18–4.34] compared to 1.91 [IQR 1.27–2.55], p<0.001, respectively). In linear regression adjusting for age and body mass index, diabetes remained the main predictor of SUV max.m and SUV glucose . Conclusion Pancreatic 18 F-FDG uptake adjusted for background muscle uptake and fasting blood glucose concentration was significantly increased in type 2 diabetes patients. © 2019 Bakker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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| 9. |
- de Clercq, N. C., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of having Christmas dinner with in-laws on gut microbiota composition
- 2019
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Ingår i: Human Microbiome Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 2452-2317. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Christmas season can have a major impact on human health. Especially increased contact with in-laws during the holiday season is an important environmental factor known to affect both physical and mental health (Mirza et al., 2004). However, the mechanism through which in-laws influence host health is not yet understood. Emerging evidence has identified the intestinal microbiota as an important mediator for both physical and mental health. Here, we performed a prospective observational study to examine the impact of contact with in-laws on the gut microbiome during the Christmas season. We conducted 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing of fecal samples collected at two separate time points (December 23rd and December 27th 2016) from a group of 28 healthy volunteers celebrating Christmas. To discriminate between participants who visited their own family versus their in-laws, we built a multivariate statistical model that identified microbial biomarker species. We observed two distinct microbial-biomarker signatures discriminating the participants that visited their in-laws versus their own family over the Christmas season. We identified seven bacterial species whose relative-change profile differed significantly among these two groups. In participants visiting in-laws, there was a significant decrease in all Ruminococcus species, known to be associated with psychological stress and depression. A larger randomized controlled study is needed to reproduce these findings before we can recognize in-laws as a potential risk factor for the gut microbiota composition and subsequently host health. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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| 10. |
- Fluitman, Kristina S., et al.
(författare)
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The Association of Olfactory Function with BMI, Appetite, and Prospective Weight Change in Dutch Community-Dwelling Older Adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 23:8, s. 746-752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The olfactory decline that often accompanies aging is thought to contribute to undernutrition in older adults. It is believed to negatively affect eating pleasure, appetite, food intake and subsequently nutritional status. We have evaluated the associations of olfactory function with BMI, appetite and prospective weight change in a cohort of Dutch community-dwelling older adults. Design Cross-sectional cohort study. Participants Dutch community-dwelling older adults from the ongoing Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). Measurements and setting In 2012-2013, the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was administered to 824 LASA participants to evaluate their olfactory function. Body weight, height, appetite, comorbidity, cognitive status and socio-demographic factors were also assessed. Follow-up weight was measured after three years. Results 673 participants (aged 55-65 years) were included in the regression analyses. Median UPSIT-score was 33. When adjusted for potential confounders, lower UPSIT-score (indicative of poorer olfactory function) was not associated with poor appetite (OR = 1.062, p = 0.137) or prospective weight change (B = -0.027, p = 0.548). It was, however, associated with lower BMI in smokers (B = 0.178, p = 0.032), but not in non-smokers (B = -0.015, p = 0.732). Conclusion Lower olfactory function scores were associated with lower BMI in community-dwelling older adults who smoke, but not with appetite or prospective weight change. Therefore, smoking older adults with olfactory impairments may pose as a vulnerable group with respect to developing undernutrition.
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