| 1. |
- Niklasson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Sensorimotor therapy : Physical and psychological regressions contribute to an improved kinesthetic and vestibular capacity in children and adolescents with motor difficulties and concentration problems
- 2010
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Ingår i: Social behavior and personality. - : Scientific Journal Publishers Ltd. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 38:3, s. 327-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to gain increased understanding of the effects of sensorimotor therapy on the physical and psychological development of children and young people when using the method Retraining for Balance. The records of 8 children who had completed the program were randomly selected from a cohort of 232 with sensorimotor difficulties and concentration problems. The participants, 7 boys and 1 girl, averaged 9 years of age. The Empirical Phenomenological Psychological method (the EPP-method, Gunmar Karlsson, 1995) was used for this analysis, which resulted in 29 categories which yielded 3 overarching themes: a) the introduction of sensorimotor exercises, b) regression to earlier sensorimotor and psychological behaviors, and c) transformations in which the sensorimotor and psychological skills of the children matured and developed. The themes formed the kinesthetic-vestibular developmental model illustrating how sensorimotor exercises push the therapy process forward while recurrent regressions are followed by positive developmental phases. The results of the study were generalized to the remaining 224 children in the cohort by comparing each individual’s records to the kinesthetic-vestibular model.
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| 2. |
- Drobyshev, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Forest fire activity in Sweden: Climatic controls and geographical patterns in 20th century
- 2012
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Ingår i: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1923 .- 1873-2240. ; 154-155, s. 174-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used Swedish county-scale forest fire statistics to quantify modern fire activity, identify its main temporal and geographical patterns, and evaluate statistical performance of six fire-related weather indices as proxy of fire activity in Sweden over 1942–1975 and 1996–2008, the periods with available countyscale fire statistics. The analyzed indices were monthly precipitation, SPI, MDC, PDSI, calibrated PDSI, and DI, a Drought Index calculated as a ratio between actual and equilibrium evapotranspiration. The modern fire cycle (FC) in the northern part of Sweden varies between 2 × 103 and 3 × 104 years, whereas in southern Sweden the FC is somewhat shorter (103–2 × 104 years). No temporal trend in average FC was evident at the country scale between the two periods. Significant and negative values of a Mantel test, obtained on county data for both periods (r = −0.494, p = 0.001 for 1942–1975 and r = −0.281 and p = 0.015 for 1996–2008) indicated the presence of a geographical pattern in annual forest fire activity. Over 1942–1975, PCA revealed that the central and northern counties formed one group with synchronized fire activity, and the southern and south–western counties formed another group. This pattern became less evident during the more recent period (1996–2008). Over 1996–2008, the analysis showed little synchronicity in annual fire activity across different parts of the country. The geographical position of a county had a clear effect on seasonal pattern of forest fires. In southern Sweden, the peak in the number of fires and the burnt area was in April–May, during a relatively short dry period immediately following the snowmelt. In northern Sweden, fires in the second half of fire season dominated the total annual area burnt. Analyzed indices differed considerably in their predictive power in respect to counties’ records of annual area burnt. Calibrated PDSI was a superior proxy of fire activity for the southern region (R2 = 60.8% in regression against total annual area burnt for respective provinces), and DIlate (Drought Index for the first half of the growing season) was superior for the northern counties (R2 = 73.3%). Predictive power of the indices was much higher for the recent period (1996–2002), with R2 values staying within 81.2 and 97.8%. Even if modern levels of forest fire activity in Sweden are very low from historical perspective, there is a strong spatiotemporal association between fire activity and climatic variability at regional scales, which provides a basis for modeling of the future fire hazard.
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| 3. |
- Drobyshev, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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How old are the largest Southern Swedish oaks: a dendrochronological analysis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Broadleaved Forests in Southern Sweden: Management for Multiple Goals. - 9781405188869 ; 53:53, s. 155-163
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the southern Scandinavian landscape, large oaks Quercus robur provide habitat for a wide range of species, including a large number species on the national Red list and the EU habitat directive. Since most of these trees are hollow and have likely been growing in conditions different from the ones of an “average” oak in today’s more forested landscape, direct inference of their age from diameter may be biased. To provide support for the management of these trees, we estimate their age by combining inventory data on diameter distribution of the largest oaks (n = 236) in the Swedish province of Scania and ring width distribution for large (> 1 m in stem diameter) oaks collected in seven oak-dominated stands (both woodland-type and denser closed-canopy forests) in southern Sweden (ntrees = 69, nrings = 12399). The mode of ring-width distribution was 1.26 mm /year. The central 90% of ring width distribution was within 0.54 and 3.38 mm, demonstrating the high growth plasticity of the species. Both ring width distribution in large oaks, divided into 16 width classes, and cumulative 20-yr diameter increments (19 classes) were well approximated by the log-normal function. The largest oaks in Scania are unlikely to exceed 1000 yr, the most probable age estimates of the majority of the inventoried oaks were centered around 500-700 yr. The age distribution of 18 large (69.4 - 178 cm dbh) non-hollow oaks suggesting the maximum age being around 400-600 yr. Conservation-oriented management of oak populations should address the need for preservation of such old trees
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| 4. |
- Drobyshev, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Masting behaviour and dendrochronology of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in southern Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7042 .- 0378-1127. ; 259:11, s. 2160-2171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify weather controls of beech diameter growth and masting in southern Sweden, we analyze records of monthly weather, regional masting record, and tree-ring chronologies from five beech-dominated stands. The results indicate a strong weather control of temporal pattern of masting events in southern Sweden over the second half of the 20th century. Negative summer temperature anomaly 2 years prior to a mast year, coupled with positive temperature anomaly in the year immediately preceding the same mast year, is a characteristic weather pattern associated with known mast years. Strong dependence of beech masting behavior on temperature explains the high degree of regional synchronization of masting events. Growth of beech in southern Sweden is strongly and negatively correlated with previous year's summer temperature and positively - with previous year's October temperature. The present study does not provide a conclusive answer in identifying a full set of direct and indirect effects of climatic variables controlling tree-ring growth, since the negative effect of previous year's summer temperature may be a result of a temperature-controlled increase in the beech nut production in the current year. Consistent and significant negative departures of ring-width index during mast years support the hypothesis about a trade-off between investment of bioassimilates into production of beech nuts and tree-ring growth. Alternative explanation of growth anomalies in mast years, relating such anomaly to a negative impact of previous year's growing season, was not supported by the data. We found a limited effect of masting on diameter growth in the following years, indicating that decline in the overall wood production, associated with heavy masting, is short term and typically occurs in the year of actual masting. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Drobyshev, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-century reconstruction of fire activity in Northern European boreal forest suggests differences in regional fire regimes and their sensitivity to climate
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 102:3, s. 738-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest fires are one of the main disturbance agents in boreal and temperate ecosystems. To decipher large-scale temporal and spatial patterns of past fire activity in Scandinavia, we analysed the synchronicity of dendrochoronologically reconstructed fire events in a large network of sites (n=62; 3296 samples, 392 individual fire years) covering a wide geographical gradient (56.5-67.0 degrees N and 9.3-20.5 degrees E) over AD 1400-1900. We identified large fire years (LFY) as years with regionally increased forest fire activity and located the geographical centres of climatic anomalies associated with synchronous LFY occurrence across the region, termed LFY centroids. The spatial pattern of LFY centroids indicated the presence of two regions with climatically mediated synchronicity of fire occurrence, located south and north from 60 degrees N. The return intervals of LFYs in Scandinavia followed a Weibull distribution in both regions. Intervals, however, differed: a period of 40years would carry a 0.93 probability of LFY occurrence in the southern region, but only a 0.48 probability of LFY occurrence in the northern region. Over 1420-1759, the northern region was characterized by significantly higher temporal variability in LFY occurrence than the southern region. Temporal correlation of LFYs with reconstructed average summer temperature and total precipitation was evident mainly for the northern region. LFYs in this region were associated with positive temperature and negative precipitation anomalies over Scandinavia and with colder and wetter conditions in more southern parts of the European subcontinent. Synthesis. Historical patterns of the occurrence of large fire years (LFY) in Scandinavia point towards the presence of two well-defined zones with characteristic fire activity, with the geographical division at approximately 60 degrees N. The northern and mid-boreal forests, although exhibiting lower LFY frequencies, appeared to be more sensitive to past summer climate, as compared to the southern boreal forests. This would imply that fire regimes across Scandinavia may show an asynchronous response to future climate changes.
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| 6. |
- Drobyshev, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Reconstruction of a 253-year long mast record of European beech reveals its association with large scale temperature variability and no long-term trend in mast frequencies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1923 .- 1873-2240. ; 192, s. 9-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synchronous production of large seed crops, or mast years (MYs), is a common feature of many Fagus species, which is closely linked to the dynamics of forest ecosystems, including regeneration of canopy trees and changes in animal population densities. To better understand its climatic controls and check for the presence of long-term temporal trends in MY frequencies, we reconstructed MY record of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) for the southern Swedish province of Halland over 1753-2006. We used superimposed epoch analysis (SEA) to relate MY (a) to summer temperature fields over the European subcontinent and (b) to the patterns of 500 mb geopotential heights over the 35-75 degrees N. For the MY reconstruction, we used newly developed regional beech ring-width chronology (1753-2006), an available summer temperature reconstruction, and a discontinuous historical MY record. A Monte Carlo experiment allowed identification of the thresholds in both growth and summer temperature anomalies, indicative of historical MYs, which were verified by dividing data into temporally independent calibration and verification sub-periods.MYs were strongly associated with both the 500 mb height anomalies and average summer temperatures during two years preceding a MY: a mast year (t) followed a cold summer two years (t-2) prior to the mast year and a warm summer one year prior (t-1) to the mast year. During t-2 years, the geographical pattern of 500 mb height anomalies exhibited a strong height depression in the region centered in the Northern Sea and extending toward eastern North America and statistically significant (p<0.05) temperature anomalies covering predominantly southern Scandinavia (area below 60 N) and British Isles. A year immediately preceding a mast year (t-1) was characterized by a strong regional high pressure anomaly centered in southern Scandinavia with significant temperature anomalies extended mostly over southern Scandinavia and Germany.The long-term mean MY return interval was 6.3 years, with 50 and 90% probabilities of MY occurrence corresponding to 6 and 15 years, respectively. Periods with intervals significantly shorter than the long-term mean were observed around 1820-1860 and 1990-2006 (means 3.9 and 3.2 years, respectively). However, the difference in return intervals between two sub-periods themselves was not significant.Geographically large and temporally rapid changes in atmospheric circulation among years, responsible for summer temperature conditions in the Northern Europe, are likely primary environmental drivers of masting phenomenon. However, decadal and centurial variability in MY intervals is difficult to relate directly to temperature variability, suggesting the presence of conditions "canceling" would-be MYs. Long-term MY reconstruction demonstrates high variability of reproductive behavior in European beech and indicates that a period with shorter MY intervals at the end of 20th may be not unique in a multi-century perspective. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Drobyshev, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Reconstruction of a regional drought index in southern Sweden since AD 1750
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 21:4, s. 667-679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used a network of eight pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) sites (n(trees) = 70) and one Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) site (n(trees) = 53) to develop drought-sensitive master chronologies for the two areas in southern Scandinavia: a SW-area centred on 57AN 12.7AE and a NE-area centred on 58.8AN 18.2AE. The ratio of actual to equilibrium evapotranspiration (AET/EET) was used as a measure of drought during the growing season defined as the period with average daily temperatures above 9 degrees C. Instrumental data were used to parameterize the relationship between tree-ring data and the drought index (DI) over 1922-2000 for the SW area and over 1922-1995 for the NE area. The DI reconstructions explained 29.7% (SW area) and 43.7% (NE area) of the variance in the observed DI index in the calibration period, and were extended back to AD 1770 for the SW area and to AD 1750 for the NE area. Reconstructed drought dynamics suggested strong decadal- and century-scale temporal variability and limited regional synchronicity over 1770-2000. Large variations in DI were observed in both regions in the second half of the 1700s. Dry conditions were synchronously reconstructed in both sub-regions during 1781-1784, 1853-1855, and, to a lesser degree, during 1974-1978. Over the 1945-1975 period the SW area exhibited a trend towards drier growing seasons, whereas no such trend could be identified for the NE area. Analysis of correlation maps indicated that regional DI dynamics reflected two different climate regimes, associated with the Kattegat area (SW reconstruction) and southeastern Swedish coast of the Baltic sea (NE reconstruction).
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| 8. |
- Fritz, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Bjurkärr – en småländsk bokskog med unika lavar och svampar.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 108:3–4, s. 2-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The old beech forest (250–300 yr) at Bjurkärr (core area 30 ha) in the province of Småland, S Sweden, was surveyed for epiphytic lichens of conservation concern in 1993–94. Several rare red-listed lichens were recorded, many with large populations. In 2011 the most endangered lichens were resurveyed due to the incorporation of Bjurkärr in the forthcoming national park of Lake Åsnen. Most species of the 1993–94 survey were rediscovered, whereas some apparently had vanished as a result of substrate decomposition. In addition, ten more red-listed lichens were recorded in 2011, e.g., Arthonia arthonioides and Collema fragrans. We also recorded Biatora ligni-mollis, not previously reported from Sweden. In all, 39 red-listed lichens are currently known from the area. Few areas in Sweden host such a large number of red-listed epiphytic lichens. In addition, the wood-inhabiting fungi on beech logs and snags were surveyed in 2011. The content of dead wood was high. A large number of red-listed or otherwise interesting wood-inhabiting fungi were recorded, e.g., Hericium erinaceus. Eleven fungal indicator species for valuable beech forests in Europe were recorded, the highest number for any Swedish beech forest. Factors explaining the high number of species of conservation concern include the long continuity of old, often slow-growing and damaged trees, the favourable geographical position in south Sweden, the suitable microclimate caused by the large neighboring lake and the exemption from modern forestry.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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