| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Blood and cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light differentially detect neurodegeneration in early Alzheimer's disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580. ; 95, s. 143-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light (NfL) concentration has reproducibly been shown to reflect neurodegeneration in brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). NfL concentration in blood correlates with the corresponding CSF levels, but few studies have directly compared the reliability of these 2 markers in sporadic AD. Herein, we measured plasma and CSF concentrations of NfL in 478 cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects, 227 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 113 patients with AD dementia. We found that the concentration of NfL in CSF, but not in plasma, was increased in response to Aβ pathology in CU subjects. Both CSF and plasma NfL concentrations were increased in patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD dementia. Furthermore, only NfL in CSF was associated with reduced white matter microstructure in CU subjects. Finally, in a transgenic mouse model of AD, CSF NfL increased before serum NfL in response to the development of Aβ pathology. In conclusion, NfL in CSF may be a more reliable biomarker of neurodegeneration than NfL in blood in preclinical sporadic AD.
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| 3. |
- Borendal Wodlin, Ninnie, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Regional Analgesia on Self-Reported Quality of Sleep After Gynecological Abdominal Surgery : A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 1701-2163. ; 46:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To determine whether intrathecal morphine (ITM) analgesia in abdominal surgery for presumed gynecological malignancy was associated with better self-reported sleep quality postoperatively compared with epidural analgesia (EDA), and to evaluate risk factors for bad sleep quality. Methods: A secondary analysis of a randomized open controlled trial, comparing ITM and EDA as postoperative analgesia in 80 women undergoing laparotomy under general anaesthesia in an enhanced recovery after surgery framework. A total of 38 women allocated to ITM and 39 to EDA completed the study. The Swedish Postoperative Symptoms Questionnaire assessed symptoms and sleep quality during the first postoperative week. Multiple logistic regression models evaluated risk factors. The results are presented as adjusted odds ratios with 95% CIs. Results: The sleep quality night-by-night did not differ significantly between the women who had ITM or EDA. Risk factors for bad sleep quality for night 1 were age (0.91; 0.84–0.99), operation time (1.02; 1.00–1.03), and opioid consumption (0.96; 0.91–0.99). For night 2, regular use of hypnotics preoperatively (15.81; 1.52–164.27) and opioid consumption (1.07; 1.00–1.14) were independent risk factors for bad sleep. After the second night, no risk factors were disclosed. Conclusions: ITM and EDA did not appear to affect the sleep quality postoperatively differently in women undergoing laparotomy for presumed gynecological malignancy. Risk factors for self-reported bad sleep quality varied during the first 3 days after surgery. Younger age, longer operation time, and preoperative use of hypnotics were associated with bad sleep quality, whereas the effect of opioid consumption on sleep quality varied depending on the time since surgery. These findings merit further studies. © 2023 The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada/La Société des obstétriciens et gynécologues du Canada
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| 4. |
- Cui, Liang, et al.
(författare)
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Four additional natural 7-deazaguanine derivatives in phages and how to make them
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 51:17, s. 9214-9226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacteriophages and bacteria are engaged in a constant arms race, continually evolving new molecular tools to survive one another. To protect their genomic DNA from restriction enzymes, the most common bacterial defence systems, double-stranded DNA phages have evolved complex modifications that affect all four bases. This study focuses on modifications at position 7 of guanines. Eight derivatives of 7-deazaguanines were identified, including four previously unknown ones: 2 & PRIME;-deoxy-7-(methylamino)methyl-7-deazaguanine (mdPreQ(1)), 2 & PRIME;-deoxy-7-(formylamino)methyl-7-deazaguanine (fdPreQ(1)), 2 & PRIME;-deoxy-7-deazaguanine (dDG) and 2 & PRIME;-deoxy-7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine (dCDG). These modifications are inserted in DNA by a guanine transglycosylase named DpdA. Three subfamilies of DpdA had been previously characterized: bDpdA, DpdA1, and DpdA2. Two additional subfamilies were identified in this work: DpdA3, which allows for complete replacement of the guanines, and DpdA4, which is specific to archaeal viruses. Transglycosylases have now been identified in all phages and viruses carrying 7-deazaguanine modifications, indicating that the insertion of these modifications is a post-replication event. Three enzymes were predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of these newly identified DNA modifications: 7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine decarboxylase (DpdL), dPreQ(1) formyltransferase (DpdN) and dPreQ(1) methyltransferase (DpdM), which was experimentally validated and harbors a unique fold not previously observed for nucleic acid methylases.
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| 5. |
- Difilippo, Valeria, et al.
(författare)
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Osteosarcomas With Few Chromosomal Alterations or Adult Onset Are Genetically Heterogeneous
- 2024
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Ingår i: Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology. - 1530-0307. ; 104:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy, often detected in children and adolescents and commonly associated with TP53 alterations along with a high number of chromosomal rearrangements. However, osteosarcoma can affect patients of any age, and some tumors display less genetic complexity. Besides TP53 variants, data on key driving mutations are lacking for many osteosarcomas, particularly those affecting adults. To detect osteosarcoma-specific alterations, we screened transcriptomic and genomic sequencing and copy number data from 150 bone tumors originally diagnosed as osteosarcomas. To increase the precision in gene fusion detection, we developed a bioinformatic tool denoted as NAFuse, which extracts gene fusions that are verified at both the genomic and transcriptomic levels. Apart from the already reported genetic subgroups of osteosarcoma with TP53 structural variants, or MDM2 and/or CDK4 amplification, we did not identify any recurrent genetic driver that signifies the remaining cases. Among the plethora of mutations identified, we found genetic alterations characteristic of, or similar to, those of other bone and soft tissue tumors in 8 cases. These mutations were found in tumors with relatively few other genetic alterations or in adults. Due to the lack of clinical context and available tissue, we can question the diagnosis only on a genetic basis. However, our findings support the notion that osteosarcomas with few chromosomal alterations or adult onset seem genetically distinct from conventional osteosarcomas of children and adolescents.
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| 6. |
- Drobysheva, Arina V., et al.
(författare)
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Structure and function of virion RNA polymerase of a crAss-like phage
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 589:7841, s. 306-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The RNA polymerase from the crAss-like bacteriophage phi14:2, which is translocated into the host cell with phage DNA and transcribes early phage genes, is structurally most similar to eukaryotic RNA interference polymerases, suggesting that the latter have a phage origin. CrAss-like phages are a recently described expansive group of viruses that includes the most abundant virus in the human gut(1-3). The genomes of all crAss-like phages encode a large virion-packaged protein(2,4) that contains a DFDxD sequence motif, which forms the catalytic site in cellular multisubunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs)(5). Here, using Cellulophaga baltica crAss-like phage phi14:2 as a model system, we show that this protein is a DNA-dependent RNAP that is translocated into the host cell along with the phage DNA and transcribes early phage genes. We determined the crystal structure of this 2,180-residue enzyme in a self-inhibited state, which probably occurs before virion packaging. This conformation is attained with the help of a cleft-blocking domain that interacts with the active site and occupies the cavity in which the RNA-DNA hybrid binds. Structurally, phi14:2 RNAP is most similar to eukaryotic RNAPs that are involved in RNA interference(6,7), although most of the phi14:2 RNAP structure (nearly 1,600 residues) maps to a new region of the protein fold space. Considering this structural similarity, we propose that eukaryal RNA interference polymerases have their origins in phage, which parallels the emergence of the mitochondrial transcription apparatus(8).
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| 7. |
- Falk, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Wearable Electronic Tongue for Non-Invasive Assessment of Human Sweat
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 21:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweat is a promising biofluid in allowing for non-invasive sampling. Here, we investigate the use of a voltammetric electronic tongue, combining different metal electrodes, for the purpose of non-invasive sample assessment, specifically focusing on sweat. A wearable electronic tongue is presented by incorporating metal electrodes on a flexible circuit board and used to non-invasively monitor sweat on the body. The data obtained from the measurements were treated by multivariate data processing. Using principal component analysis to analyze the data collected by the wearable electronic tongue enabled differentiation of sweat samples of different chemical composition, and when combined with 1H-NMR sample differentiation could be attributed to changing analyte concentrations.
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| 8. |
- Gustavsson Binder, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen from biogas as fuel for buses in cold climate - Analysing the feasibility to produce hydrogen from local biogas and use in city buses in Luleå
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this study, we demonstrate that in certain cases, it can be advantageous to produce hydrogen from biogas and to use it in heavy-duty vehicles such as buses. In Luleå, it may be feasible to use hydrogen from biogas in city buses because there is a need for heating where waste heat from the fuel cell can be utilized. However, it is uncertain whether the waste heat is sufficient or if a separate auxiliary heater driven by diesel or HVO is needed. If such a heater is required, the conclusion is that hydrogen from biogas is suitable for other segments of heavy transportation, where battery electrification is not as suitable. Overall, our study shows that hydrogen from biogas may be interesting as a transitional fuel to increase the availability of environmentally friendly hydrogen until electrolyzer capacity is sufficiently expanded.At the same time, our mapping of the policy landscape concerning hydrogen and zero-emission buses shows that biohydrogen is disadvantaged in the EU's regulations on renewable hydrogen. This means that member states are restricted from providing support for investments to produce and distribute hydrogen from biogas and other biogenic feedstocks. The reason is that renewable hydrogen, according to EU terminology, is defined in the so-called delegated act on renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO). It is established that renewable hydrogen should be based on non-biological feedstocks (i.e., from electrolysis) and must meet a number of criteria.The results are interesting in the context of urban bus traffic rapidly moving towards zero-emission operation. In Sweden and many other countries, battery buses have become a common and obvious feature on city streets. But just like for other segments of heavy-duty vehicles, another technology to achieve zero-emission operation has also received increased attention, namely hydrogen and fuel cell buses. In Sweden, only a few fuel cell buses have been used - and moreover, only on a trial basis - but in several European cities, they have already begun to be used on a significant scale. An advantage of fuel cell operation with hydrogen from biogas is that it allows for the continued utilization of the biogas already produced and purchased for existing city bus traffic.System study consisting of two partsWe arrived at the result by investigating the suitability of both producing hydrogen from biogas at the existing sewage treatment plant in Luleå and the feasibility for LLT to use fuel cell buses in its city bus traffic. The study has considered both costs associated with each part and climate impact from a life cycle perspective for fuel production and bus operation.
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| 9. |
- Hedlund Nilsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Snow Management using Green Infrastructure in Subarctic Climate
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In subarctic regions, a significant part of annual precipitation occurs as snow. This creates challenges since (a) the occurrence of rain on snow during melting season might increase runoff peak flow and cause flooding in urban areas and (b) snow needs to be removed from roofs and streets. Current snow management practice includes removal of snow to large deposits outside of cities. Downsides of this approach are the carbon footprint and air pollution caused by transport and the release of untreated polluted melt water to nearby water bodies. One strategy to reduce transport and increase treatment of meltwater could be to integrate snow deposits with existing green infrastructure that manages stormwater within the urban environment, i.e. multifunctional areas.When studying the potential performance of multifunctional areas with respect to snow management it is important to consider the flood risk that comes with increased snowmelt and rain on snow. Prior studies have evaluated the combined effect of frozen soils, snowmelt and rainfall during the melting season on runoff from urban catchments, but there are no similar studies on facility scale. Hydrological models can be used to investigate these factors and the snow deposit potential, without risking flooding. It is, however, unclear to what extent current urban hydrological models are suited to this purpose. This study aims to explore how hydrological models can be used to predict snow deposition volumes in multifunctional areas and the effect on runoff.This study used EPA SWMM because it is a commonly used urban hydrological model with a relatively advanced snow management module. The modelled facility was a grassed swale in Luleå, Northern Sweden, receiving runoff from a 60 ha catchment with commercial and light industrial land use. The swale was separated into 6 identical parts to test different scenarios for the amount and distribution of snow deposited in the swale. The long-term performance of the swale with regard to stormwater quantity was investigated with historical rain and temperature data. Runoff from the catchment to the swales was calibrated based on observed data from late spring 2021.Hydrological models as a support tool for snow management using green infrastructure shows promising results. Using the model, it was possible to evaluate the effect of snow volume and placement within the swale. Such information can be of great use when designing green infrastructure and snow management strategies. However, SWMM has some limitations in this regard. For example, pollutants such as sediments (gravel, sand and micro plastics) affect the properties and melting behavior of urban snow and the release of pollutants, yet these factors are not represented in SWMM. Differences in the actual melt rate will affect the total volume of snow that can be deposited in the swale, hence this topic requires further research.
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| 10. |
- Holmfeldt, Karin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The Fennoscandian Shield deep terrestrial virosphere suggests slow motion 'boom and burst' cycles
- 2021
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2399-3642. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deep biosphere contains members from all three domains of life along with viruses. Here we investigate the deep terrestrial virosphere by sequencing community nucleic acids from three groundwaters of contrasting chemistries, origins, and ages. These viromes constitute a highly unique community compared to other environmental viromes and sequenced viral isolates. Viral host prediction suggests that many of the viruses are associated with Firmicutes and Patescibacteria, a superphylum lacking previously described active viruses. RNA transcript-based activity implies viral predation in the shallower marine water-fed groundwater, while the deeper and more oligotrophic waters appear to be in 'metabolic standby'. Viral encoded antibiotic production and resistance systems suggest competition and antagonistic interactions. The data demonstrate a viral community with a wide range of predicted hosts that mediates nutrient recycling to support a higher microbial turnover than previously anticipated. This suggests the presence of 'kill-the-winner' oscillations creating slow motion 'boom and burst' cycles.
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