| 1. |
- Casswall, Thomas H., et al.
(författare)
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Helicobacter species DNA in liver and gastric tissues in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 45:2, s. 160-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS) have previously been found in adults with hepatobiliary diseases. Here, we report the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and EHS in liver and gastric tissue in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease (CLD). Material and methods. Seventy-seven consecutive children and adolescents with CLD with or without ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease (UC/CD) were investigated. Tissue samples were analysed using a Helicobacter genus specific 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and DNA-sequence analysis. Sera from 61 subjects were also analysed using enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting. Results. The Helicobacter PCR was positive in 3/23 (13%) livers from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and UC, and in 1/2 livers from patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and UC. Sequenced PCR products matched the 16S rDNA of H. hepaticus, H. muridarum, H. canis, and H. pylori, respectively. H. ganmani and H. bilis were detected in gastric tissues from two AIH patients. H. hepaticus and H. pullorum were found in livers from two patients with acute liver failure and intrahepatic cholestasis. Antibody reactivity to Helicobacter cell-surface proteins was negative. Conclusions. H. pylori and EHS can be detected in the livers of some patients with UC and concomitant liver disease, as well as in other children with liver diseases. Multicentre studies from different locations are needed to find out whether these bacteria play a pathogenetic role or whether their presence is an epiphenomenon.
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| 2. |
- Gad, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 508:7495, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancers have dysfunctional redox regulation resulting in reactive oxygen species production, damaging both DNA and free dNTPs. The MTH1 protein sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to prevent incorporation of damaged bases during DNA replication. Although MTH1 is non-essential in normal cells, we show that cancer cells require MTH1 activity to avoid incorporation of oxidized dNTPs, resulting in DNA damage and cell death. We validate MTH1 as an anticancer target in vivo and describe small molecules TH287 and TH588 as first-in-class nudix hydrolase family inhibitors that potently and selectively engage and inhibit the MTH1 protein in cells. Protein co-crystal structures demonstrate that the inhibitors bindin the active site of MTH1. The inhibitors cause incorporation of oxidized dNTPs in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage, cytotoxicity and therapeutic responses in patient-derived mouse xenografts. This study exemplifies the non-oncogene addiction concept for anticancer treatment and validates MTH1 as being cancer phenotypic lethal.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kristensen, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of volume segmentation in radiotherapy of adolescents; a treatment planning study by the Swedish Workgroup for Paediatric Radiotherapy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 53:1, s. 126-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose. The variability in target delineation for similar cases between centres treating paediatric and adolescent patients, and the apparent differences in interpretation of radiotherapy guidelines in the treatment protocols encouraged us to perform a dummy-run study as a part of our quality assurance work. The aim was to identify and quantify differences in the segmentation of target volumes and organs at risk (OARs) and to analyse the treatment plans and dose distributions. Materials and methods. Four patient cases were selected: Wilms tumour, Hodgkins disease, rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate and chordoma of the skull base. The five participating centres received the same patient-related material. They introduced the cases in their treatment planning system, delineated target volumes and OARs and created treatment plans. Dose-volume histograms were retrieved for relevant structures and volumes and dose metrics were derived and compared, e. g. target volumes and their concordance, dose homogeneity index (HI), treated and irradiated volumes, remaining volume at risk and relevant V x and D x values. Results. We found significant differences in target segmentation in the majority of the cases. The planning target volumes (PTVs) varied two-to four-fold and conformity indices were in the range of 0.3-0.6. This resulted in large variations in dose distributions to OARs as well as in treated and irradiated volumes even though the treatment plans showed good conformity to the PTVs. Potential reasons for the differences in target delineation were analysed. Conclusion. Considerations of the growing child and difficulties in interpretation of the radiotherapy information in the treatment protocols were identified as reasons for the variation. As a result, clarified translated detailed radiotherapy guidelines for paediatric/adolescent patients have been recognised as a way to reduce this variation.
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| 5. |
- Liljelind, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Can we explain the exposure variability found in hand-arm vibrations when using angle grinders? : A round robin laboratory study
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 83:3, s. 283-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To quantify variance components of hand-arm vibration exposure from data collected in a laboratory study of four different angle grinders.METHODS: Four different angle grinders were sent to seven laboratories for grinding tests by three operators at each laboratory. Vibration in both the throttle and support handles was measured. For one grinder, the experimental set-up was repeated and two measurements were collected for that specific grinder.RESULTS: At least one-third of the estimated variability is attributable to the wheel and less than one-third to the operator. In repeated experiments, between-occasion, operator and wheel factors explained 4, 29 and 17% of the total variability, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Since measured vibrations in the support and throttle handles are significantly differed, measurements should be taken at both locations. Factors influencing vibration variability include the presence/absence of an auto balance unit, wheel and operator, but other factors remain to be elucidated.
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| 6. |
- Thompson, Paul M., et al.
(författare)
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The ENIGMA Consortium : large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data
- 2014
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Ingår i: BRAIN IMAGING BEHAV. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7557 .- 1931-7565. ; 8:2, s. 153-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
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| 7. |
- Ålander, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Tidstrender av tungmetalleroch organiska klorerademiljöföroreningar i baslivsmede
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett av Riksdagens 16 miljömål är ”giftfri miljö”. Mået innebä bland annat att kemiskaämnen i miljön inte hotar eller påverkar människors hälsa och ekosystemen. Konsumenternautsätts dock fortfarande för vissa föroreningar på en nivå som kan misstänkasleda till hälsoproblem. Livsmedel är ofta en viktig exponeringsväg för många av dessamiljöföroreningar.Livsmedelsverket har nu undersökt hur halterna av vissa miljöföroreningar har förändratsöver tiden i baslivsmedel (vete- och rågmjöl, vetekli) och livsmedelsproducerandedjur (nötkreatur, svin, lamm, odlad fisk, mjölk och ägg). Undersökningen har använtdata från Livsmedelsverkets livsmedelskontroll mellan 1976 och 2010. De ämnen somanalyserades var tungmetallerna kadmium, bly och kvicksilver och de svårnedbrytbaraklorerade organiska föreningarna α-hexaklorcyklohexan (α-HCH), polykloreradebifenyler (PCB), hexaklorbensen (HCB) och DDT-föreningen p,p'-DDE, även kalladePOP (persistent organic pollutants).Sammantaget visar resultaten att de riskreducerande åtgärder som hittills har vidtagitsmot kadmium- och kvicksilverförorening inte har haft någon markant effekt på halternai svenska livsmedel. För bly, HCH, PCB, HCB och DDT har dock åtgärderna i de flestafall haft positiv effekt på halterna.Kadmium.Halterna har mycket långsamt sjunkit i vete- och rågmjöl (halveringstid 80-120 år). I njure från nötkreatur, lamm och ren har halterna inte ändrats under denstuderade tidsperioden. I vetekli och svinnjure tycks kadmiumhalterna långsamt öka (fördubblingstid84 respektive 26 år). Resultaten för vetekli är dock osäkra på grund av relativtfå prover i undersökningen. Generellt sett är halterna högre i Skåne och Blekinge än iövriga delar av landet. Halterna i ren är klart högre i Västerbotten än i Jämtland och Norrbotten.De mycket långsamma förändringarna kan till viss del bero på ändrade produktionsmetoderi jordbruket, nya bearbetningsmetoder, samt ändrad foderproduktion.Bly.De riskreducerande åtgärderna har haft positiv effekt på halterna i de undersöktaproverna, med undantag för ren– där syns ingen trend. I mjölprodukterna halveradeshalterna vart 13-16 år, medan halterna i njure från nötkreatur och lamm minskadesnabbare (halveringstid 7-9 år).Kvicksilver.I odlad regnbåge var halterna oförändrade under åren 2001-2010.POP.Halterna av ämnena sjunker över tiden (halveras på 3,5-16 år). HCB i ren ochnötkreatur är dock ett undantag. I ren ökade halterna 2000 2010 med en fördubblingstidpå 10 år och i nötkreatur med en fördubblingstid på 17 år. Nötkreatur och mjölk frånSkåne och Blekinge har, generellt sett, högre halter av PCB och p,p´-DDE än i övrigalandet.
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| 8. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 9. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 10. |
- Allan, Ian J., et al.
(författare)
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Mobile passive samplers : Concept for a novel mode of exposure
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 159:10, s. 2393-2397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrative passive sampling with devices such as semipermeable membrane devices generally relies on rigs for month-long static exposures in water. We evaluate here whether mobile exposures of passive samplers can provide reliable estimates of dissolved contaminant concentrations. Mobile exposures were obtained by towing samplers fastened to the end of a benthic trawl net. Significant and reproducible absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during 5 h-long deployments was made possible by high sampling rates resulting from high water turbulences during towing at 1.2-1.5 knots. Sampling rates (72-215 L d(-1)) estimated from the dissipation of performance reference compounds were supported by in situ calibration with samplers exposed for a 30 days in the vicinity of the test site. Higher fluoranthene and pyrene absorption in samplers exposed to the trawling-induced sediment plume could be attributed to desorption from re-suspended sediments. This mode of exposure has the potential to be used in monitoring programmes.
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