| 1. |
- Alänge, Sverker, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Ledarskap ur koncernchefsperspektiv
- 1998
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Många tecken tyder på att vi är mitt inne i ett paradigmskifte, där ett nytt sätt att bedriva verksamhet påverkar såväl tillverkande industri som privat och offentlig serviceverksamhet. Detta nya sätt att bedriva verksamhet karakteriseras av att samtliga människor inom en organisation engageras i att använda alla sina resurser, inklusive sin inneboende kreativitet, till att på bästa sätt tillgodose eller överträffa kunders förväntningar. Denna förändring ställer i sin tur nya krav på ledarstil, förankring av visioner och mål, motivationssystem, kontinuerligt lärande och processynsätt. Toppledarens betydelse för större förändringar i inriktning och grundläggande värderingar, dvs. ett paradigmskifte, har påpekats av många forskare och i litteraturen förekommer flera exempel på betydelsen av toppledares involvering och engagemang i större förändringsprocesser, både från Sverige och i internationella företag. Boken baseras på intervjuer med tolv koncernchefer vid några av Sveriges största företag: Astra, Electrolux, Posten, SAS, S-E Banken, SJ, Skandia, SKF, Stora, Telia, Tetra-Laval och Vattenfall. Boken presenterar och analyserar koncernchefernas samlade syn på ledarskap och krav på ledaregenskaper, idag och i framtiden. Boken innehåller även en jämförelse med andra ledares uppfattning om ledarskap. På frågor om morgondagens ledarskap; om vad koncerncheferna anser kommer att krävas av storföretagsledare i framtiden och om finns det behov av att förändra och utveckla dagens ledarskap kan svaren sammanfattas i fyra behov: Integritet, förmåga att få med sig sina medarbetare, mångkulturell kompetens samt förmåga att hantera ny teknologi och nya organisationsformer. Dessutom betonade några chefer vikten av att inse att framtidens krav är dagens verklighet, dvs. att framtiden redan är här.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Eva A, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal and hip flexor muscle activation during various training exercises.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-5548 .- 1432-1025 .- 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 75:2, s. 115-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to provide objective information on the involvement of different abdominal and hip flexor muscles during various types of common training exercises used in rehabilitation and sport. Six healthy male subjects performed altogether 38 different static and dynamic training exercises trunk and hip flexion sit-ups, with various combinations of leg position and support, and bi- and unilateral leg lifts. Myoelectric activity was recorded with surface electrodes from the rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, obliquus internus, rectus femoris, and sartorius muscles and with indwelling fine-wire electrodes from the iliacus muscle. The mean electromyogram amplitude, normalised to the highest observed value, was compared between static and dynamic exercises separately. The hip flexors were highly activated only in exercises involving hip flexion, either lifting the whole upper body or the legs. In contrast, the abdominal muscles showed marked activation both during trunk and hip flexion sit-ups. In hip flexion sit-ups, flexed and supported legs increased hip flexor activation, whereas such modifications did not generally alter the activation level of the abdominals. Bilateral, but not unilateral, leg lifts required activation of abdominal muscles. In trunk flexion sit-ups an increased activation of the abdominal muscles was observed with increased flexion angle, whereas the opposite was true for hip flexion sit-ups. Bilateral leg lifts resulted in higher activity levels than hip flexion sit-ups for the iliacus and sartorius muscles, while the opposite was true for rectus femoris muscles. These data could serve as a basis for improving the design and specificity of test and training exercises.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Eva A, et al.
(författare)
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Intramuscular EMG from the hip flexor muscles during human locomotion.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 161:3, s. 361-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to investigate the activation pattern of five major hip flexor muscles and its adaptation to changing speed and mode of progression. A total of 11 healthy subjects performed walking and running on a motor-driven treadmill at speeds ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 m s-1. Intramuscular fine-wire electrodes were used to record myoelectric signals from the iliacus, psoas, sartorius, rectus femoris and tensor fascia latae muscles. The basic pattern, with respect to number of activation periods, remained the same irrespective of speed and mode of progression. However, differences in the relative duration and timing of onset of activation occurred between individual muscles. Over the speed range in walking, a progressively earlier onset was generally seen for the activation period related to hip flexion. Changes in EMG amplitude were measured in the iliacus and psoas muscles and showed a marked increase and difference between walking and running at speeds above 2.0 m s-1. Thus, the alternating flexion-extension movements at the hip during locomotion appear to be governed by a rather fixed 'neural program' which normally only needs minor modulations to accomplish the adjustments accompanying an increase in speed of progression as well as a change from walking to running.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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EMG activities of the quadratus lumborum and erector spinae muscles during flexion-relaxation and other motor tasks.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1271 .- 0268-0033. ; 11:7, s. 392-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide new information on the myoelectrical activation of the quadratus lumborum, the deep lateral and the superficial medial lumbar erector spinae, the psoas, and the iliacus muscles in various motor tasks. DESIGN: An intramuscular electromyographic study was performed. BACKGROUND: The contribution of individual deep trunk muscles to the stability of the lumbar spine is relatively unknown in different tasks, including the flexion-relaxation phenomenon. METHODS: Seven healthy subjects participated. Fine-wire electrodes were inserted with a needle guided by ultrasound. RESULTS: The highest activity observed for quadratus lumborum and deep lateral erector spinae occurred in ipsilateral trunk flexion in a side-lying position and for superficial medial erector spinae during bilateral leg lift in a prone position. Quadratus lumborum and deep lateral erector spinae were activated when the flexion-relaxation phenomenon was present for superficial medial erector spinae, i.e. when its activity ceased in the latter part of full forward flexion of the trunk, held relaxed and kyphotic. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the activation of the investigated muscles showed a high degree of task specificity, where activation of a certain muscle was not always predictable from its anatomical arrangement and mechanical advantage.
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| 5. |
- Hemani, Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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Lowering power consumption in clock by using globally asynchronous locally synchronous design style
- 1999
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Ingår i: Design Automation Conference, 1999. Proceedings. 36th. ; , s. 873-878
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power consumption in clock of large high performance VLSIs can be reduced by adopting globally asynchronous, locally synchronous design style (GALS). GALS has small overheads for the global asynchronous communication and local clock generation. We propose methods to (a) evaluate the benefits of GALS and account for its overheads, which can be used as the basis for partitioning the system into optimal number/size of synchronous blocks, and (b) automate the synthesis of the global asynchronous communication. Three realistic ASICs, ranging in complexity from 1 to 3 million gates, were used to evaluate GALS benefits and overheads. The results show an average power saving of about 70% in clock with negligible overheads
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| 6. |
- Hemani, Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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Lowering Power Consumption in Clock by Using Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous Design Style
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 36th ACM/IEEE conference on Design automation. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 873-878
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power consumption in clock of large high performance VLSIs can be reduced by adopting Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous design style (GALS). GALS has small overheads for the global asynchronous communication and local clock generation. We propose methods to a) evaluate the benefits of GALS and account for its overheads, which can be used as the basis for partitioning the system into optimal number/size of synchronous blocks, and b) automate the synthesis of the global asynchronous communication. Three realistic ASICs, ranging in complexity from 1 to 3 million gates, were used to evaluate GALS benefits and overheads. The results show an average power saving of about 70% in clock with negligible overheads.
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| 7. |
- Meincke, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Globally asynchronous locally synchronous architecture for large high-performance ASICs
- 1999
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Ingår i: ; 2, s. 512-515
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clock nets are the major source of power consumption in large, high-performance ASICs and a design bottleneck when it comes to tolerable clock skew. A way to obviate the global clock net is to partition the design into large synchronous blocks each having its own clock. Data with other blocks is exchanged asynchronously using handshake signals. Adopting such a strategy requires a methodology that supports: 1) a partitioning method dividing a design into the number of synchronous blocks such that the gain due to global clock net removal exceeds the communication overhead and 2) synthesis of handshake protocols to implement the data transfer between synchronous blocks. We describe this methodology and present results of applying it to a realistic design done in 0.25 micron, ranging in operating frequencies from 20 MHz to 1 GHz. The results show that the net power savings compared to fully synchronous designs are on an average about 30%
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