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- Godhe, Manne, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability in Novel Field-Based Fitness Measurements and Postexercise Scores from a Physical Fitness Test Battery in Older Adults.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 70:6, s. 639-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Physical fitness is strongly associated with daily physical function, health, and longevity in older adults. Field-based tests may provide a reasonable alternative compared to advanced laboratory testing. Separating postexercise test scores from reactivity measurements requires sufficient test-retest reliability. Postexercise test scores with reliability analyses of field-based fitness tests in older adults are lacking. The present study aimed to examine the test-retest reliability of some novel easily accommodated fitness test measurements and compare pretest scores with postexercise results in these tests along with other field-based fitness tests in older adults.METHODS: Totally 1,407 community-dwelling older adults (69% female), x̄ = 71.5 ± 5.0 (65-84 years), performed twelve field-based fitness tests at pretest 1, pretest 2 and a posttest after an 8-week exercise period (twice weekly 1 h of combined strength and aerobic training). T tests, intra-class correlation, limits of agreement, standard error of measurement, and coefficient of variance were performed between pre-1 and pre-2 tests, and repeated measures ANOVA and partial eta squared effect size for postexercise differences for men and women in 5-year age groups ranging from 65 to 84 years.RESULTS: Between pre-1 and pre-2 tests a significant difference was noted in some of the novel fitness test measurements but generally not, e.g., in isometric trunk flexion and step-up height on either leg among all sex and age groups. In most of these novel fitness test measurements, no significant differences occurred between the two pretests. Examples of results from the pre-2 test to the posttest were isometric trunk flexion 45° endurance and isometric trunk extension endurance improved significantly for both sexes in age groups 65-74 years. Women, but not men, improved the maximal step-up height for both legs in most age groups. The speed in the 50 sit-to-stand improved significantly for most age groups in both sexes. Six-min walk distance improved significantly for most age groups in women but among men only in 65-69 years. In the timed-up-and-go test, significant improvements were seen for all age groups in women and in men 70-79 years. No postexercise improvements were generally observed for grip strength or balance.CONCLUSIONS: In most of the novel fitness test measures, no significant difference was noted between the two pretests in the assessed sex and age groups. Results after the 8-week exercise period varied between sex and age groups, with significant improvements in several of the twelve studied fitness tests. These findings may be valuable for future projects utilizing easily accommodated physical fitness tests in older adults.
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| 2. |
- Godhe, Manne, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of the accelerometer to control the effects of physical activity in older adults.
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Reliable physical activity measurements in community-dwelling older adults are important to determine effects of targeted health promotion interventions. Many exercise interventions aim to improve time spent sedentary (SED), in light-intensity-physical-activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity-physical-activity (MVPA), since these parameters have independently proposed associations with health and longevity. However, many previous studies rely on self-reports which have lower validity compared to accelerometer measured physical activity patterns. In addition, separating intervention-effects from reactivity measurements requires sufficient test-retest reliability for accelerometer assessments, which is lacking in older adults.OBJECTIVES: The study objective was to investigate the reliability of sensor-based PA-patterns in community-dwelling older adults. Furthermore, to investigate change over time of physical activity patterns and examine any compensatory-effect from the eight-week supervised exercise-intervention.METHODS: An exercise-group (n = 78, age-range:65-91yrs) performed two 1h-exercise sessions/week during eight-weeks. PA-pattern was assessed (using hip-worn accelerometers), twice before and once during the last-week of the intervention. A control-group (n = 43, age-range:65-88yrs) performed one pre-test and the end-test with no exercise-intervention. A dependent-t-test, mean-difference (95%-CI), limits-of-agreement and intraclass-correlation-coefficient-ICC were used between the two pre-tests. Repeated-measures-ANOVA were used to analyze any intervention-effects.RESULTS: The exercise-groups´ two pre-tests showed generally no systematic change in any PA- or SED-parameter (ICC ranged 0.75-0.90). Compared to the control group, the exercise intervention significantly (time x group-interaction, p<0.05) increased total-PA-cpm (exercise-group/control-group +17%/+7%) and MVPA-min/week (+41/-2min) and decreased %-of-wear-time for SED-total (-4.7%/-2.7%) and SED-bouts (-5.7%/-1.8%), and SED-bouts min/d (-46/-16min). At baseline level, no significant differences were found between the two groups for any parameter.CONCLUSIONS: The current study presents a good test-retest-reliability of sensor-based-one-week-assessed-PA-pattern in older-adults. Participating in an 8-week supervised exercise intervention improved some physical activity and sedentary parameters compared to the control group. No compensatory-effect was noted in the intervention-group i.e., no decrease in any PA-parameter or increase in SED at End-test (in %-of-wear-time, min/day or total-PA).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Pizzul, Leticia, et al.
(författare)
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Biofilter för behandling av bekämpningsmedelsrester
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Use of biofilter for the treatment of pesticide contaminated water Despite many measures to reduce the risk of pesticides spreading to sensitive environments, their residues are still often found in surface and groundwater. Point sources are a significant cause of such contamination, mainly associated with localized situations, e.g., filling of the tank and washing of the sprayer. According to Sweden's official statistics, 54% of farmers choose some form of concrete surface connected to a collecting tank as a safe pesticide handling place. The collected liquid is later spread on biologically active soil, such as fallow or on stump. However, farmers’ experience indicates that there can be large amounts of water to handle annually, and chemical residues in the spread liquid can have a negative effect on crops. There is a need to improve the existing and future pesticide handling sites to manage large volumes of water safely, easily, and economically. An appropriate and simple solution is the use of a biofilter to treat the collected liquid. The biofilter has been developed based on the Swedish biobed and is used in several countries. It consists of several 1 m3 – plastic containers filled with biomix, and the different units are stacked in a vertical pile and connected with plastic valves and pipes. Contaminated water is collected and circulated through the biofilter and pesticide residues are retained in the biomix where they are degraded by microbial activity. The aim of the project was to adapt the use of the biofilter to Swedish conditions and gain knowledge about how it should be operated. Since water dynamics are an important factor in the biofilter function, the specific goals of the project were to study the effect of the inflow rate on water balance, microbial activity, and pesticide retention in a typical Swedish biomix. For the project a pilot biofilter was built at RISE workshop in Uppsala. A list of the materials needed, the approximate cost of building a biofilter and a preliminary instruction manual for the construction were produced within the frame of the project. The cost of building a 3-unit biofilter was estimated to be approx. 15,000 Swedish crowns. The study was divided into two trials under controlled conditions. First, the effect of inflows on water content and microbial activity in the biomix was investigated. A constant flow rate of 25 L/d was tested in one of the units and an increasing flow of 7, 22 and 40 L/d in another unit. The results showed that the outflow increased with flow rate and was between 50 and 96% of the inflow. Water content in the biomix was lower and fluctuated more on the surface compared to the bottom of the biomix and water retention capacity decreased over time. A tendency to reduced carbon content and microbial activity (measured as respiration rate) over time was observed with the flows > 20 L/d. The levels of glyphosate and diflufenican in the effluent were very low, 0,1 % of the levels in incoming water, regardless the flow. The higher flow reduced the retention capacity of bentazone, i.e., a higher inflow led to higher levels of bentazone in the effluent. According to our results, a typical Swedish biomix, under the conditions tested in this study, can treat a flow lower than 20 L/d without having a major impact on microbial activity and on the pesticide retention capacity. Assuming that the biofilter can be used for 210 days/year (not in winter), approximately 4000 L can be treated in one year with a flow of 20 L/d. Biofilters are a good option for farms with indoor or outdoor pesticide handling areas under roof. For farms with an outdoor concrete area without a roof, where precipitation also ends up in the collection tank, the volumes to treat become too high for a biofilter.
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| 5. |
- Rosén, Johanna S, et al.
(författare)
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Kinematic and kinetic performance variables during paddling among para-kayak athletes with unilateral above or below knee amputation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sports Biomechanics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1476-3141 .- 1752-6116.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In para-kayak, athletes with unilateral above knee amputation (AK) and athletes with below knee amputation (BK) compete in the same class. This has been questioned since previous research have shown that the legs are important for paddling performance. The purpose was therefore to examine differences in kinematic and kinetic performance variables between AK and BK para-kayak athletes and the amputated (A) and non-amputated (NA) sides. Eleven AK and six BK athletes on international level participated. 3D kinematic and kinetic data were collected for the body, seat, footrest and paddle during kayak ergometer paddling. There were no significant differences between the groups in main performance variables such as power output or paddle force. Differences between the groups were only seen in the hip joint in flexion range of motion, flexion and extension angular velocity and flexion moment where BK demonstrated larger values. The NA side demonstrated greater values compared to the A side in posterior force at the seat and in hip flexion moment. As there were no significant differences between the groups in the majority of the examined key performance variables, the results suggest that athletes with unilateral AK and BK amputation may be able to compete in the same class.
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| 6. |
- Saab, Sally A., et al.
(författare)
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The environment and species affect gut bacteria composition in laboratory co-cultured Anopheles gambiae and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The midgut microbiota of disease vectors plays a critical role in the successful transmission of human pathogens. The environment influences the microbiota composition; however, the relative mosquito-species contribution has not been rigorously disentangled from the environmental contribution to the microbiota structure. Also, the extent to which the microbiota of the adult sugar food source and larval water can predict that of the adult midgut and vice versa is not fully understood. To address these relationships, larvae and adults of Anopheles gambiae and Aedes albopictus were either reared separately or in a co-rearing system, whereby aquatic and adult stages of both species shared the larval water and sugar food source, respectively. Despite being reared under identical conditions, clear intra- and interspecies differences in midgut microbiota-composition were observed across seven cohorts, collected at different time points over a period of eight months. Fitting a linear model separately for each OTU in the mosquito midgut showed that two OTUs significantly differed between the midguts of the two mosquito species. We also show an effect for the sugar food source and larval water on the adult midgut microbiota. Our findings suggest that the mosquito midgut microbiota is highly dynamic and controlled by multiple factors.
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