| 1. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Abraham, et al.
(författare)
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Improved and sustained triage skills in firemen after a short training intervention
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1757-7241. ; 23:81, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A previous study has shown no measurable improvement in triage accuracy among physicians attending the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course and suggests a curriculum revision regarding triage. Other studies have indicated that cooperative learning helps students acquire knowledge. Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of trauma cards in triage training for firemen. Methods: Eighty-six firemen were randomly assigned into two groups: the trauma card group and the direct instruction group. Both groups received the same 30-min PowerPoint lecture on how to perform triage according to the Sort Assess Lifesaving interventions Treatment and transport (SALT) Mass Casualty Triage Algorithm. In the trauma card group, the participants were divided into groups of 3-5 and instructed to triage 10 trauma victims according to the descriptions on the trauma cards. In the direct instruction group, written forms about the same 10 victims were used and discussed as a continuation of the PowerPoint lecture. Total training time was 60 min for both groups. A test was distributed before and after the educational intervention to measure the individual triage skills. The same test was applied again 6 months later. Results: There was a significant improvement in triage skills directly after the intervention and this was sustained 6 months later. No significant difference in triage skills was seen between the trauma card group and the direct instruction group. Previous experience of multi-casualty incidents, years in service, level of education or age did not have any measurable effects on triage accuracy. Conclusions: One hour of triage training with the SALT Mass Casualty Triage Algorithm was enough to significantly improve triage accuracy in both groups of firemen with sustained skills 6 months later. Further studies on the first assessment on scene versus patient outcome are necessary to provide evidence that this training can improve casualty outcome. The efficacy and validity of trauma cards for disaster management training need to be tested in future studies.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Alves, Gustavo R., et al.
(författare)
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International Cooperation for Remote Laboratory Use
- 2018
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Ingår i: Contributions to Higher Engineering Education. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811089176 ; , s. 1-31
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimenting is fundamental to the training process of all scientists and engineers. While experiments have been traditionally done inside laboratories, the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies added two alternatives accessible anytime, anywhere. These two alternatives are known as virtual and remote laboratories and are sometimes indistinguishably referred as online laboratories. Similarly to other instructional technologies, virtual and remote laboratories require some effort from teachers in integrating them into curricula, taking into consideration several factors that affect their adoption (i.e., cost) and their educational effectiveness (i.e., benefit). This chapter analyzes these two dimensions and sustains the case where only through international cooperation it is possible to serve the large number of teachers and students involved in engineering education. It presents an example in the area of electrical and electronics engineering, based on a remote laboratory named Virtual Instruments System in Reality, and it then describes how a number of European and Latin American institutions have been cooperating under the scope of an Erasmus+ project, for spreading its use in Brazil and Argentina.
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| 5. |
- Arkell, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Pareto-optimal reversed-phase chromatography separation of three insulin variants with a solubility constraint
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673. ; 1532, s. 98-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the shift of focus of the regulatory bodies, from fixed process conditions towards flexible ones based on process understanding, model-based optimization is becoming an important tool for process development within the biopharmaceutical industry. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization study of separation of three insulin variants by reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) is presented. The decision variables were the load factor, the concentrations of ethanol and KCl in the eluent, and the cut points for the product pooling. In addition to the purity constraints, a solubility constraint on the total insulin concentration was applied. The insulin solubility is a function of the ethanol concentration in the mobile phase, and the main aim was to investigate the effect of this constraint on the maximal productivity.Multi-objective optimization was performed with and without the solubility constraint, and visualized as Pareto fronts, showing the optimal combinations of the two objectives productivity and yield for each case. Comparison of the constrained and unconstrained Pareto fronts showed that the former diverges when the constraint becomes active, because the increase in productivity with decreasing yield is almost halted. Consequently, we suggest the operating point at which the total outlet concentration of insulin reaches the solubility limit as the most suitable one.According to the results from the constrained optimizations, the maximal productivity on the C4 adsorbent (0.41 kg/(m3 column h)) is less than half of that on the C18 adsorbent (0.87 kg/(m3 column h)). This is partly caused by the higher selectivity between the insulin variants on the C18 adsorbent, but the main reason is the difference in how the solubility constraint affects the processes. Since the optimal ethanol concentration for elution on the C18 adsorbent is higher than for the C4 one, the insulin solubility is also higher, allowing a higher pool concentration. An alternative method of finding the suggested operating point was also evaluated, and it was shown to give very satisfactory results for well-mapped Pareto fronts.
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Per I., et al.
(författare)
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Open for collaboration : an academic platform for drug discovery and development at SciLifeLab
- 2016
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Ingår i: Drug Discovery Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6446 .- 1878-5832. ; 21:10, s. 1690-1698
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Science for Life Laboratory Drug Discovery and Development (SciLifeLab DDD) platform reaches out to Swedish academia with an industry-standard infrastructure for academic drug discovery, supported by earmarked funds from the Swedish government. In this review, we describe the build-up and operation of the platform, and reflect on our first two years of operation, with the ambition to share learnings and best practice with academic drug discovery centers globally. We also discuss how the Swedish Teacher Exemption Law, an internationally unique aspect of the innovation system, has shaped the operation. Furthermore, we address how this investment in infrastructure and expertise can be utilized to facilitate international collaboration between academia and industry in the best interest of those ultimately benefiting the most from translational pharmaceutical research - the patients.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Axelsson, Kristian F, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Alendronate Use and Hip Fracture Risk in Older Patients Using Oral Prednisolone
- 2017
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Ingår i: Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 318:2, s. 146-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Oral glucocorticoid treatment increases fracture risk, and evidence is lacking regarding the efficacy of alendronate to protect against hip fracture in older patients using glucocorticoids. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether alendronate treatment in older patients using oral prednisolone is associated with decreased hip fracture risk and adverse effects. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective cohort study using a national database (N = 433 195) of patients aged 65 years or older undergoing a health evaluation (baseline) at Swedish health care facilities; 1802 patients who were prescribed alendronate after at least 3 months of oral prednisolone treatment (>= 5mg/d) were identified. Propensity score matching was used to select 1802 patients without alendronate use from 6076 patients taking prednisolone with the same dose and treatment time criteria. Follow-up occurred between January 2008 and December 2014. EXPOSURES Alendronate vs no alendronate use; no patients had previously taken alendronate at the time of prednisolone initiation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was incident hip fracture. RESULTS Of the 3604 included patients, the mean age was 79.9 (SD, 7.5) years, and 2524 (70%) were women. After a median follow-up of 1.32 years (interquartile range, 0.57-2.34 years), there were 27 hip fractures in the alendronate group and 73 in the no-alendronate group, corresponding to incidence rates of 9.5 (95% CI, 6.5-13.9) and 27.2 (95% CI, 21.6-34.2) fractures per 1000 person-years, with an absolute rate difference of -17.6 (95% CI, -24.8 to -10.4). The use of alendronate was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture in a multivariable-adjusted Cox model (hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.22-0.54). Alendronate treatment was not associated with increased risk of mild upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms (alendronate vs no alendronate, 15.6 [95% CI, 11.6-21.0] vs 12.9 [95% CI, 9.3-18.0] per 1000 person-years; P=.40) or peptic ulcers (10.9 [95% CI, 7.7-15.5] vs 11.4 [95% CI, 8.0-16.2] per 1000 person-years; P=.86). There were no cases of incident drug-induced osteonecrosis and only 1 case of femoral shaft fracture in each group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among older patients using medium to high doses of prednisolone, alendronate treatment was associated with a significantly lower risk of hip fracture over a median of 1.32 years. Although the findings are limited by the observational study design and the small number of events, these results support the use of alendronate in this patient group.
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| 9. |
- Castro, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Workshop. Teaching practices with VISIR remote lab : Technical, educational and research fundamentals from the PILAR Project
- 2019
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Ingår i: EDUNINE 2019 - 3rd IEEE World Engineering Education Conference. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728116662
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote laboratories are the result of a social movement which promotes accessible educational resources anywhere and anytime through the Internet in order to foster lifelong learning and support online/distance education. A remote laboratory is a real laboratory using real equipment, on which measurements are made through real instruments and which is controllable remotely. The VISIR (Virtual Instrument Systems In Reality) remote laboratory is a system on top of the state-of-The-Art for online wiring and measuring electronic circuits. The PILAR (Platform Integration of Laboratories based on the Architecture of visiR) Erasmus Plus project aims for the federation of five of the existing VISIR nodes, for sharing analog electronics experiments and empowering capacity and resources of each partner, as well as providing access to other educational institutions to a VISIR remote lab through the PILAR consortium. This workshop will allow the attendees to interact with VISIR remote lab, and to be introduced in PILAR framework and joining policies as well as remote lab federation benefits both for VISIR system owners and consumers. © 2019 IEEE.
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| 10. |
- Evangelista, Ignacio, et al.
(författare)
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Active learning of DC circuits : Spreading the use of the VISIR remote lab in Argentina
- 2018
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Ingår i: EDUNINE 2018 - 2nd IEEE World Engineering Education Conference. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781538648896 ; , s. 216-221
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The VISIR+ Project was launched in 2015 with the objective of spreading the use of the VISIR remote laboratory in Latin America, promoting an enquiry-based approach to teaching and learning on electric and electronic circuits. Within the scope of this project, several didactical implementations were achieved both in Argentina and in Brazil. This article describes the latest implementation of VISIR in a pre-university technical school in Argentina (associated partner of the VISIR+ team) in three Physics courses with students having different background knowledge and interests. A set of activities comprising simulations, remote and hands-on experiments were designed in order to engage students in the learning process. The implementation was assessed in terms of the learning objectives and outcomes. Results showed that VISIR is an effective tool to promote active learning. Moreover, this experience seems highly valuable to encourage the dissemination of VISIR in Argentina. © 2018 IEEE.
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