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- Danielsson, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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A controlled randomized trial of budesonide versus prednisolone retention enemas in active distal ulcerative colitis
- 1987
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 22:8, s. 987-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty-four patients with active distal ulcerative colitis participated in a multicentre, randomized, investigator-blind trial to compare the effect of budesonide enema, 2 mg/100 ml, with prednisolone disodium phosphate enema, 31.25 mg/100 ml. Budesonide is a new potent corticosteroid with a rapid first-pass elimination. The patients were treated for 4 weeks, and the efficacy of the drugs were evaluated by sigmoidoscopy, histology, and subjective symptoms after 2 and 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of treatment 16 of 31 patients (52%) receiving budesonide enema had healed endoscopically, compared with 8 of 33 (24%) (p = 0.045) receiving prednisolone enema. Budesonide was superior to prednisolone in terms of both significantly improved sigmoidoscopic and histologic scores and subjective symptoms evaluated by visual analogue scales. The patients receiving prednisolone had a significant depression of endogenous cortisol levels during the treatment period, but not the patients receiving budesonide. Budesonide enema seems to be a promising therapy for active distal ulcerative colitis and causes no adverse reactions
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- Lindahl, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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An improved optical eye movement detector for visual half-field studies of cerebral hemisphere memory
- 1988
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0309-1902 .- 1464-522X. ; 12:3, s. 106-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 106-11AB - An instrument for the evaluation of cerebral hemisphere memory using the visual half-field (VHF) technique is described. The object was to improve the existing VHF-techniques by means of an infra-red eye movement detector to control visual fixation, and to automatically control the presentation of visual stimuli. The instrument consists of four functional parts; visual presentation; optical eye movement control; electronic programming; and reaction time measuring. The instrument has been used on normal controls and in neuropsychological pre- and post-operative investigations on patients with drug resistant partial epilepsy. It has proved easy to use and reveals valuable information about hemisphere memory function. The use of an optical eye movement detector together with electronic logic has improved the accuracy and reliability of the VHF-test. A schematic outline of the instrument and a brief description of electronic circuitry are given.
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- Mäntylä, Timo, 1954-
(författare)
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How do you cue? : self-generated retrieval cues and successfull recall
- 1986
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present thesis deals with the determinants of good memory performance. A more specific objective of the thesis was to examine prerequisites for successful recall performance from the point of view of cue effectiveness. The concept of cue effectiveness was proposed as a superordinate construct underlying the act of remembering in general as well as,exceptional memory performance. It was argued that to the extent that effective cues are provided when retrieval is attempted, good recall would be obtained even without use of specific mnemonic systems. Two characteristics of cue effectiveness were assumed to determine the level of recall performance. First, a retrieval cue has to provide a compatible description of the information encoded, and second, an optimal cue is the one that also represents a distinctive description of that information. Provided that these two characteristics of cue effectiveness are fullfilled, successful recall was expected to occur. In order to optimize cue efficiency an experimental paradigm was introduced. The main feature of the self-generation paradigm is that, in contrast to traditional cued-recall experiments, subjects are provided with cues, which according to the individual's own conceptualization constitute an appropriate description of the previously encoded information. The four studies composing the empirical section of the thesis, demonstrated, first, that self-generated cues serve as extremely powerful retrieval aids. Secondly, it was demonstrated that compatibility and distinctiveness may be the cardinal concepts underlying the empirical phenomenon per se and the essence of the notion of cue effectiveness. Finally, it was proposed that the methodological contribution is of such a nature that it may apply successifully to more practical situations.
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- Nilsson, Lars-Göran, et al.
(författare)
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A model of distributed storage
- 1987
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie. - 0044-3409 .- 1438-9789. ; 195:2, s. 141-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Discusses a recent development in psychological memory research, of which one of the end products is a model of distributed storage, as distinguished from the hitherto-prevailing concept of localized memory. The distributed storage model, based on matrix algebra, purports to account for perfect recall performance, the 2 basic prerequisites of which are that (1) codes formed during encoding should be unique and (2) they should be reconstructed at test. Four simulations were designed to test violations of these prerequisites. Decreasing recall performances were demonstrated in all cases. However, a considerable robustness of the proposed storage system for large matrices proves the viability of the underlying assumptions of the model under discussion.
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- Nordqvist, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue and reading of text on videotex
- 1986
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Ingår i: Human Factors. - : SAGE Publications. - 0018-7208 .- 1547-8181. ; 28:3, s. 353-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Examined the effects of fatigue during the reading of texts presented by means of a videotex system or by means of print on paper in 3 experiments with 72 undergraduates. The 2-hr reading task was interrupted 6 times for tests of speed and accuracy in scanning a matrix of letters for given target letters, speed and accuracy in an auditory-motor reaction time (RT) task, and a free recall test of the information presented prior to each text session. The 3 experiments differed with respect to task demands. Exp I was less demanding than Exp II, which was less demanding than Exp III. It was predicted that Ss who read the texts presented on videotex would show more dramatic effects than Ss who read texts under more regular print-on-paper conditions. It was also predicted that these effects would be more pronounced for more demanding tasks. Results demonstrate only marginal effects of fatigue. It is suggested that some effects could be interpreted as more fatigue in the videotex group than in the print group. The increase in task demands resulted in longer scanning and RTs, but accuracy data were unaffected.
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