| 1. |
- Aksnes, Dag W., et al.
(författare)
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Arctic research trends : external funding 2016-2022
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report aims to provide an update to the two studies published in 2016 and 2017 (Osipov et al 2016 & 2017) with the primary task of assessing the global funding landscape around Arctic-related research. While the previous reports were focusing on the periods 2006-2015 and 2007-2016 respectively, this report covers 2016 to 2022, using the funding data from the Dimensions[1] dataset, which includes information from more than 600 funders and 7 million awarded grants with funding totalling $2.4 trillion+ (in US Dollars).The key findings of the updated report, based on the available data, highlight the following trends: · The fields of Earth Sciences (10.3 percent) and Environmental Science (5.5 percent) are the two largest recipients of Arctic research funding. · The US is the largest Arctic research nation in terms of total spending and number of projects started. It also has the most comprehensive coverage of funding sources in the dataset. · Canada and Russia are the second and third largest nations in terms of number of projects started, followed by Norway and Sweden.· UArctic institutions are central actors in Arctic research globally. · Researchers from Arctic Council Observer nations are financing a substantial amount of research on the Arctic. In particular, the UK and Japan finance a significant number of projects, followed by Germany and China with considerable numbers of Arctic-related research projects.· Funding from the European Union holds the position of the eighth-largest funder based on the number of projects awarded. The European Union is characterized by a few projects with large funding.· The analysis suggests that there is neither growth nor shrinkage in the relative volume of Arctic research funding over the period 2016–2022 in comparison with the growth of the general scientific community.· Private funders and foundations contribute little to Arctic research. Only one percent of the projects starting in 2016–2022 were funded privately. In general, the largest sources of external public funding for Arctic research come from the United States (US), Russia, Canada, and Norway, with the US being the biggest net contributor. Other kinds of funding, such as base budgets, are not described in this report. In addition, data on the public funding and funding amounts of Arctic research in Russia, Canada, and the Kingdom of Denmark are not always provided by the funders in project profiles, and net value is sometimes not disclosed by the funders themselves. This report specifically investigates projects initiated between 2016 and 2022, providing insights into the contemporary funding landscape of Arctic research. Understanding the geographical and institutional distribution of funding, as well as the specific areas of focus within this funding, holds significance for UArctic and Arctic Council officials. Such insights facilitate their ability to offer informed guidance to their respective members, aiding in the identification of strategic priorities.Moreover, gaining insights into the entities funding Arctic research, and those not engaged in such funding, holds importance for UArctic and Arctic Council science officers. Armed with information about Arctic-focused endeavours they can engage with funding bodies, fostering dialogue aimed at enhancing support, and collaboration for such initiatives.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Annika E, et al.
(författare)
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Food security in the Arctic : Preliminary reflections from a resilience perspective
- 2013
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Ingår i: Arctic Resilience: Interim Report 2013. - Stockholm : Arctic Council. - 9789186125431 - 9789186125424 ; , s. 113-117
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chapter 10 discusses food security, which is emerging as a major cross-cutting issue in a changingArctic. The preliminary reflections presented in the chapter highlight that food security bringstogether concerns over a range of interacting environmental, social, economic, political andcultural changes. These include: food and water-borne diseases; increasing incidence of lifestylediseases; high costs of healthy foods; contamination; changing ecosystems that impede access tofood; high fuel costs; and loss of traditional knowledge. The chapter concludes that food security isintimately interlinked with social relations and cultural well-being.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Lena Maria, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Minnesbild från en skogssamisk skoltid
- 2020
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Ingår i: Skogssamisk vilja. - Umeå : Várdduo, centrum för samisk forskning. - 9789178553730 ; , s. 251-266
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- När en bok om minnesbilder från samernas skoltid gavs ut inom Svenska kyrkans vitboksprojekt saknade Aina Nilsson berättelser om de samer som gick i vanlig folkskola, vilket merparten av skogssamerna gjorde. I detta kapitel berättar Aina för Lena Maria Nilsson om sin skolgång i Árviesjávrrie under 1930- och 1940-talet där hon under ett par år hade Karin Stenberg som lärarinna.
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| 4. |
- Papaioannou, Konstantinos-Georgios, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy eating is associated with sarcopenia risk in physically active older adults
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthy Diet and physical activity may play important roles in the maintenance of muscle health during aging. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of adherence to healthy dietary patterns on sarcopenia risk in a sample of physically active older men and women, while considering adherence to guidelines on muscle strengthening activities (MSA) and protein intake. Based on a sample of 191 physically active men and women (65–70 years), dietary intake was assessed using a 90-items food-frequency-questionnaire (FFQ) and Healthy Diet Score (HDS) was calculated. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry and self-report. A sarcopenia risk score (SRS) was derived based on three indicators of muscle health: muscle mass was assessed using bio-electrical impedance and handgrip strength and 5 times sit-to-stand (5-STS) were determined by standardized procedures. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine differences in SRS and its components across sex-specific tertiles of HDS, with adjustments for covariates including total energy intake, protein intake and MSA. A significant main effect (p < 0.05) of HDS on SRS was observed, where those belonging to the highest HDS tertile had lower SRS compared to those in the lowest tertile. A corresponding significant effect was observed for 5-STS performance, with better performance in those with the highest HDS adherence compared to those with the lowest. The present study supports guidelines emphasizing diet quality beyond amounts of macro-and micronutrients in the prevention of age-related deterioration of muscle health. Importantly, the benefits from healthy dietary patterns are evident in older adults who already adhere to guidelines for health-enhancing physical activity.
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| 5. |
- Rydja, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Physical exercise and goal attainment after shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a randomised clinical trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-8118. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rehabilitation in iNPH is suggested to be an important factor to improve patients'functions but there are lack of clinical trials evaluating the effect of rehabilitation interventions after shunt surgery in iNPH. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a physical exercise programme and goal attainment for patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) after surgery compared to a control group. Methods: This was a dual centre randomised controlled trial with assessor blinding, intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analysis. Individuals diagnosed with iNPH scheduled to undergo shunt surgery at the Linkoping University Hospital in Linkoping and Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden were consecutively eligible for inclusion. Inclusion was conducted between January 2016 and June 2018. The patients were randomised 1:1 using sequentially numbered sealed envelopes to receive either written exercise information (control group) or written information and an additional supervised high-intensity, functional exercise programme (HIFE) executed twice weekly over 12 weeks (exercise group). Preoperatively, the patients set individual goals. The primary outcome was change from baseline in the total iNPH scale score at the post-intervention follow-up. Secondary outcomes were goal attainment, and change in the separate scores of gait, balance, neuropsychology and continence and in the total score after 6 months. Results: In total, 127 participants were randomised to the exercise group (n = 62) and to the control group (n=65). In the ITT population (exercise group, n =50; control group, n=59), there were no between-group differences in the primary outcome, but the attrition rate in the exercise group was high. The exercise group improved more than the control group in the balance domain scores after 6 months. Post-intervention, the PP exercise population achieved their set goals to a greater extent than the controls. Conclusions: An additional effect of the 12-week HIFE-programme on the overall improvement according to the iNPH-scale after shunt surgery in iNPH was not shown. This could be due to high attrition rate. However, the longterm effect on balance and higher goal achievement indicate beneficial influences of supervised physical exercise.
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| 6. |
- Abzhandadze, Tamar, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of Cognitive Functions Screened With the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Determining ADL Dependence Early After Stroke
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2295. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the feasibility of assessing cognitive function using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) given 36-48 h post stroke to explain dependence in activities of daily living (ADL). Methods: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory study. Cognitive function and basic ADL were assessed with the MoCA and the Barthel Index (BI), respectively, within 36-48 h of admission. Neurological functions were assessed with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) upon admittance to the hospital. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the feasibility of the MoCA in explaining ADL dependence. Results: Data were available for 550 patients (42% females, mean age 69 years). Moderate correlations (r(s) > +0.30, p < 0.001) were found between the total score on the BI, MoCA, and visuospatial/executive functions. The regression analysis model including only MoCA as an independent variable had a high sensitivity for explaining ADL dependence. However, the model with independent variables of MoCA, NIHSS, and age had the best area under the curve value (0.74). Conclusions: Cognitive functions assessed with the MoCA partly explain ADL dependence 36-48 h post stroke. Stroke-related neurological deficits and age should be additional considerations.
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| 7. |
- Abzhandadze, Tamar, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Very Early MoCA Can Predict Functional Dependence at 3 Months After Stroke: A Longitudinal, Cohort Study.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in neurology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2295. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: After a stroke, cognitive impairment is commonly associated with poor functional outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to investigate if cognitive function, assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) 36-48 h after stroke, could predict functional dependence 3 months later. The secondary aim was to identify an optimal threshold for the MoCA score that could predict functional dependence. Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal cohort study. The research database from a stroke unit at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital was linked with the Swedish Stroke Register-Riksstroke. Cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL) were assessed with the MoCA and the Barthel Index (BI), respectively, 36-48 h after stroke. Functional outcome 3 months after stroke was studied with the modified Rankin Scale. The predictive characteristics of the MoCA were investigated using logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were used for identifying the optimal cutoff score on the MoCA for predicting functional dependence. The MoCA score that had equal sensitivity and specificity was chosen as the optimal score for predicting functional dependence. Results: A total of 305 participants were included in the study (mean age: 68.8 years, n = 179 men). The MoCA quartiles were a significant predictor of functional dependence 3 months after stroke as an individual variable (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.72) and when adjusted for covariates such as age at stroke onset, living arrangement prior to stroke, and ADL measured with BI within 36-48 h after stroke (p = 0.01, AUC = 0.84). The MoCA score of ≤23 for impaired cognition had equal sensitivity and specificity for predicting functional dependence 3 months after stroke. Discussion and Conclusion: Cognitive function assessed with the MoCA within 36-48 h after stroke could predict functional dependence 3 months later. The participants with MoCA scores ≤23 for impaired cognition were more likely to be functionally dependent.
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| 8. |
- Aksnes, Dag W., et al.
(författare)
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Arctic Research Trends : Bibliometrics 2016-2022
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work was conducted by the UArctic Thematic Network on Research Analytics and Bibliometrics. It was supported by Global Affairs Canada through the Global Arctic Leadership Initiative.
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| 9. |
- Aleksandrova, Krasimira, et al.
(författare)
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The association of coffee intake with liver cancer risk is mediated by biomarkers of inflammation and hepatocellular injury : data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 102:6, s. 1498-1508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Higher coffee intake has been purportedly related to a lower risk of liver cancer. However, it remains unclear whether this association may be accounted for by specific biological mechanisms. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the potential mediating roles of inflammatory, metabolic, liver injury, and iron metabolism biomarkers on the association between coffee intake and the primary form of liver cancer-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Design: We conducted a prospective nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition among 125 incident HCC cases matched to 250 controls using an incidence-density sampling procedure. The association of coffee intake with HCC risk was evaluated by using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression that accounted for smoking, alcohol consumption, hepatitis infection, and other established liver cancer risk factors. The mediating effects of 21 biomarkers were evaluated on the basis of percentage changes and associated 95% CIs in the estimated regression coefficients of models with and without adjustment for biomarkers individually and in combination. Results: The multivariable-adjusted RR of having >= 4 cups (600mL) coffee/d compared with <2 cups (300 mL)/d was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.62; P-trend = 0.006). A statistically significant attenuation of the association between coffee intake and HCC risk and thereby suspected mediation was confirmed for the inflammatory biomarker IL-6 and for the biomarkers of hepatocellular injury glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and total bilirubin, which-in combination-attenuated the regression coefficients by 72% (95% CI: 7%, 239%). Of the investigated biomarkers, IL-6, AST, and GGT produced the highest change in the regression coefficients: 40%, 56%, and 60%, respectively. Conclusion: These data suggest that the inverse association of coffee intake with HCC risk was partly accounted for by biomarkers of inflammation and hepatocellular injury.
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| 10. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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