| 1. |
- Jespersen, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical responses to adoptive T-cell transfer can be modeled in an autologous immune-humanized mouse model.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of autologous tumor-infiltrating T cells have shown durable responses in patients with melanoma. To study ACT and immunotherapies in a humanized model, we have developed PDXv2.0 -a melanoma PDX model where tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating T cells from the same patient are transplanted sequentially in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immune-deficient/common gamma chain (NOG/NSG) knockout mouse. Key to T-cell survival/effect in this model is the continuous presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Tumors that grow in PDXv2.0 are eradicated if the autologous tumor cells and T cells come from a patient that exhibited an objective response to ACT in the clinic. However, T cells from patients that are non-responders to ACT cannot kill tumor cells in PDXv2.0. Taken together, PDXv2.0 provides the potential framework to further model genetically diverse human cancers for assessing the efficacy of immunotherapies as well as combination therapies.Combining different types of immune therapies might benefit certain patients. Here, the authors develop an autologous immune-humanized melanoma mouse model that allows the preclinical assessment of cancer cell-T cell interactions from each individual patient and the benefits of immunotherapies combinations.
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| 2. |
- Aktaş, Vezir, et al.
(författare)
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Social scientists under threat : Resistance and self-censorship in Turkish academia
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Educational Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0007-1005 .- 1467-8527. ; 67:2, s. 169-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attacks on academic freedom in Turkey have become increasingly systematic in recent years and thousands of academics have been dismissed. This study reflects on the effects of this worsening repression through interviews with academics in the social sciences, both those dismissed and those still active in their profession. Although the dismissed academics are socially in a very precarious position, they are continuing their scholarly activities in alternative, underground forms. This resistance stands in contrast to the accommodation and self-censorship that seem, according to the interviewees, to prevail in university departments.
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| 3. |
- Borell, Klas, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Debatt: Samhällsvetenskaperna och den akademiska friheten i Turkiet : Massavskedanden, resignation och motstånd
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - Lund : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 56:3-4, s. 311-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Allvarliga kränkningar av den akademiska friheten förekommer idag i flera av Europarådets medlemsstater och det är ofta samhällsvetenskaperna som utgör måltavlan. Situationen är särskilt allvarlig i Turkiet där tusentals universitetslärare avskedats. Intervjuer med avskedade turkiska samhällsvetare och samhällsvetare som lever under hot om avsked ger en sammansatt bild: här finns både resignation och motstånd.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Josefsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Muslims opposing violent radicalism and extremism : Strategies of Swedish Sufi communities
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1360-2004 .- 1469-9591. ; 37:2, s. 183-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europe has seen the development of a new research agenda in response to Islamist terror attacks of recent years. Researchers are not only trying to solve the “radicalization puzzle” in order to understand the reasons why young Muslims in Western countries are attracted to extremism, but they are also making proposals for de-radicalizing extremists and creating relationships of trust with Muslim communities. Directly or indirectly, Europe’s Muslim minorities are the objects of the interventions and preventive work under discussion. This study suggests an alternative approach. Rather than regarding Muslims in Europe as more or less passive objects of various anti-extremism interventions, it directs attention toward the strategies developed by European Muslims themselves in fighting Islamist extremism. Using qualitative interviews with leaders of five Sufi communities in Sweden, the study examines a series of strategies for meeting the challenges posed by extremists.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Causal Beliefs and War Termination : Religion and Rational Choice in the Iran-Iraq War
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Peace Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-3433 .- 1460-3578. ; 55:1, s. 94-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyzes the length of interstate wars and the process of reaching a mutually acceptable bargaining solution. Rational choice scholarship has mainly sought to explain long wars in terms of commitment problems and private information. This article complements these rational choice perspectives by arguing that causal beliefs—a variable not considered by previous research—can also prolong wars by increasing expectations of battlefield performance and slowing down information updating. The article illustrates the role of religiously based causal beliefs with the case of one of the longest interstate wars of modern time, the Iran-Iraq War of 1980–1988. Even though commitment problems were present, they do not identify the root cause of Iran’s high expected utility of continuing the war, as religiously based causal beliefs played a more prominent role in prolonging the war. Religious causal beliefs constitute a real word mechanism that not only creates different priors about expected military capacity, but also slows down the process of updating beliefs, as battlefield events are not seen as credible information. Although the prevalence of religious conflicts has increased ove r time, the formation of beliefs and their effects on wars remains understudied when applying rational choice to real world conflicts.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Foreign Fighters and the Radicalization of Local Jihad: Interview Evidence from Swedish Jihadists
- 2015
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Ingår i: Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. - 1057-610X .- 1521-0731. ; 38:5, s. 343-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern jihadism has experienced two distinct crises. The present study analyzes recent developments in jihadism, which can be seen in connection with efforts to solve the latest recruitment crisis of global jihad, and is based on comparative interviews with eight Swedish jihadists defined as foreign fighters. The study identifies three new trends evident in the interviews comparing jihadists active in Syria with those who fought in Afghanistan and Bosnia: socialization to global jihad, normalization of jihad, and an increasing use of the doctrine of takfir (i.e., ex-communication). This can be described as indicating the radicalization of local jihad, as the territorially based jihad, championed by Abdullah Azzam, and the global jihad of Osama bin Laden meet in the territorial realities of Syria and Iraq.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Hard and soft targets : the lethality of suicide terrorism
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of International Relations and Development. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1408-6980 .- 1581-1980. ; 21:1, s. 101-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many scholars have assumed that suicide terrorism is the most lethal form of terrorism. Increasing lethality is important for the terrorists’ expected ability to coerce target states and may explain the increasing popularity of suicide terrorism since the 1980s. This article analyses statistically the lethality of suicide terrorism and suicide bombings with 96,649 terror incidents in the Global Terrorism Database. The results corroborate the hypothesis that suicide terrorism inflicts more casualties than other terrorist tactics. However, suicide bombings are not associated with a greater increase in the casualty rates as compared with non-suicidal terrorist tactics involving, for example, the use of firearms. Moreover, neither suicide terrorism in general nor suicide bombings in particular are associated with an increase in the count of dead when there are many soft targets to choose from, such as in Palestine and Afghanistan. The lethality of suicide bombings is the greatest when there are many hard targets, such as in Israel.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Interviewing Jihadists : On the Importance of Drinking Tea and Other Methodological Considerations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1057-610X .- 1521-0731. ; 41:6, s. 419-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of terrorism research has arguably long been characterized by a separation of the scholars from their subject of inquiry. Interviews can be used to bridge this chasm, but making contact with potential interviewees, conducting interviews, and analyzing the data pose unique challenges when conducting research into jihadists, especially active ones. This article focuses on the author's experience of interviewing both former and active jihadi foreign fighters. It is specifically intended to contribute to a better methodological understanding of conducting first-hand empirical research into jihadi foreign fighters and builds on field work conducted in Sweden, Iraq, and Lebanon.
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