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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Åsa S, et al.
(författare)
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Ultraviolet radiation and air contamination during total hip replacement
- 1986
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Ingår i: Journal of Hospital Infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6701. ; 7:2, s. 176-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultraviolet (uv) radiation of the operating room was assessed bacteriologically in an open randomized study of 30 total hip procedures. Volumetric air-sampling demonstrated that the number of colony forming units (cfu m-3) were significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) by uv light, both close to the wound and in the periphery of the operating room. No adverse effects of the uv-irradiation were observed either in the patients or the staff. In operating rooms fitted with a 'zonal ventilation' system and with an air change rate of about 70 h-1, the addition of uv irradiation during surgery may achieve 'ultra clean' air. However, in conventionally ventilated operating rooms uv-irradiation alone is probably not sufficient to do so.
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| 5. |
- Digby, Peter J., et al.
(författare)
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Finite element simulation of time dependent fracture and fragmentation processes in rock blasting
- 1985
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Ingår i: International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. - : Wiley. - 0363-9061 .- 1096-9853. ; 9:4, s. 317-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two constitutive models for the simulation of fracture and fragmentation processes in rapidly loaded rocks are studied. The models were included in a wave propagation finite element code. The results obtained from the two models were compared by a study of the intensity and extent of fracturing obtained from two different configurations of explosive charge and reflecting surfaces in a plane strain problem. The evolution of the time dependent fracture pattern and fragmentation process is also presented.
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| 7. |
- Glemberg, R., et al.
(författare)
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A general constitutive model for concrete structures
- 1986
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Ingår i: Computational modelling of reinforced concrete structures. - Swansea : Pineridge Press. - 0906674468 ; , s. 84-100
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Knöös, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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A method for conversion of hounsfield number to electron density and prediction of macroscopic pair production cross-sections
- 1986
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - 1879-0887. ; 5:4, s. 337-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for the determination of electron density using a narrow beam attenuation geometry is described. The method does not require that the elemental composition of the phantom materials is known. The Hounsfield numbers for the phantom materials used were determined using five different CT scanners. A relationship between Hounsfield number and electron density can thus be established, which is of considerable value in radiation therapy treatment planning procedures. Measurements of the ratio coherent/incoherent scattering of low energy photons in a certain geometry has proven valuable for determination of atomic number, which in its turn can be used for estimation of macroscopic pair production coefficients for high energy photons. The combination of knowledge of electron density with methods for determination of processes, dependent on atomic number, can form a base for adequate composition of phantom materials for purposes of testing dose calculation algorithms for photons and electrons.
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| 10. |
- Knöös, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of measured and calculated absorbed doses from tangential irradiation of the breast
- 1986
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - 1879-0887. ; 7:1, s. 81-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calculated absorbed dose distributions from tangential irradiation of the breast have been compared with TLD measurements in a anthropomorfic body-shaped phantom which has gone through all phases of the radiation treatment planning cycle, including mapping of electron densities with a CT scanner, simulation of beam set-up and several treatments with an accelerator. The absorbed doses, measured in the breast are 2-6% lower than those calculated with the clinically used treatment planning system. The deviation is slightly higher when wedges are used. The main source for this deviation is shown to be the limitations in the loss-of-scatter correction in the dose calculation algorithm used. It has also been noted that the variation of the absorbed dose in the target volume is in general smaller than predicted by the calculations.
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