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| 2. |
- Kumar, Jitender, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of persistent organic pollutants on the complement system in a population-based human sample
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 71, s. 94-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Persistent organic pollutants (POPS) are toxic compounds generated through various industrial activities and have adverse effects on human health. Studies performed in cell cultures and animals have revealed that POPs can alter immune-system functioning. The complement system is part of innate immune system that helps to clear pathogens from the body. We performed a large-scale population-based study to find out associations between summary measures of different POPs and different complement system markers.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 3 organochlorine (OC) pesticides, octachloro-p-dibenzodioxin, and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) were analyzed for their association with levels of protein complement 3 (C3), 3a (C3a), 4 (C4) and C3a/C3 ratio. A total of 992 individuals (all aged 70 years, 50% females) were recruited from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors cohort. Regression analysis adjusting for a variety of confounders was performed to study the associations of different POP exposures (total toxic equivalency value or TEQ and sum of 16 PCBs) with protein complements.Results: The TEQ values were found to be positively associated with C3a (beta = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.017-0.131, p = 0.01) and C3a/C3 ratio (beta = 0.07, 95% Cl = 0.015-0.126, p = 0.01) taking possible confounders into account. The association observed was mainly driven by PCB-126.Conclusion: In this study involving 992 elderly individuals from the general population, we showed that POPs, mainly PCB-126, were associated with levels of complement system markers indicating that the association of these toxic compounds with downstream disease could be mediated by activation of immune system. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Skarin, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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A mapping study on physical activity in stroke rehabilitation: Establishing the baseline
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977. ; 45:10, s. 997-1003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To establish physical activity level, environment and social interaction in routine stroke rehabilitation practice. Methods: Patients at 4 hospital stroke rehabilitation units in Sweden at least 7 days post-stroke were observed over 1 week-day at 10 min intervals between 08.00 h and 17.00 h. At each observation, physical activity, location and people present were ascertained. Results: Patients (n=104) had a mean age of 70.3 (standard deviation (SD) 14.4) years. Median time since stroke was 19 (range 7-142) days. Patients were alone for 52% of the day, during this time 7% was spent in standing/walking activities. While with a physiotherapist patients were standing/walking for 43% of the time. Using median regression it was found that the median percentage of time spent in standing/walking was associated with gait independence and age. Gait independence increased the median percentage of time spent in standing/walking by 16.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.1-20.9, p<0.001), while an increase of 1 year of age reduced the median percentage of time spent in standing/walking by 0.16% (95% CI -0.31 to -0.01, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients had low levels of physical activity and social interaction. This study suggests that there is a huge potential to increase patients' activity level and augment social interaction above current levels.
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| 4. |
- Ahlm, Lars, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of dry and wet season aerosol number fluxes over the Amazon rain forest
- 2010
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 10:6, s. 3063-3079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vertical number fluxes of aerosol particles and vertical fluxes of CO2 were measured with the eddy covariance method at the top of a 53m high tower in the Amazon rain forest as part of the LBA (The Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia) experiment. The observed aerosol number fluxes included particles with sizes down to 10 nm in diameter. The measurements were carried out during the wet and dry season in 2008. In this study focus is on the dry season aerosol fluxes, with significant influence from biomass burning, and these are compared with aerosol fluxes measured during the wet season. Net particle deposition fluxes dominated in daytime in both seasons and the deposition flux was considerably larger in the dry season due to the much higher dry season particle concentration. The particle transfer velocity increased linearly with increasing friction velocity in both seasons. The difference in transfer velocity between the two seasons was small, indicating that the seasonal change in aerosol number size distribution is not enough for causing any significant change in deposition velocity. In general, particle transfer velocities in this study are low compared to studies over boreal forests. The reasons are probably the high percentage of accumulation mode particles and the low percentage of nucleation mode particles in the Amazon boundary layer, both in the dry and wet season, and low wind speeds in the tropics compared to the midlatitudes. In the dry season, nocturnal particle fluxes behaved very similar to the nocturnal CO2 fluxes. Throughout the night, the measured particle flux at the top of the tower was close to zero, but early in the morning there was an upward particle flux peak that is not likely a result of entrainment or local pollution. It is possible that these morning upward particle fluxes are associated with emission of primary biogenic particles from the rain forest. Emitted particles may be stored within the canopy during stable conditions at nighttime, similarly to CO2, and being released from the canopy when conditions become more turbulent in the morning.
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| 5. |
- Ahlm, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Emission and dry deposition of accumulation mode particles in the Amazon Basin
- 2010
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 10:21, s. 10237-10253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Size-resolved vertical aerosol number fluxes of particles in the diameter range 0.25–2.5 μm were measured with the eddy covariance method from a 53 m high tower over the Amazon rain forest, 60 km NNW of Manaus, Brazil. This study focuses on data measured during the relatively clean wet season, but a shorter measurement period from the more polluted dry season is used as a comparison. Size-resolved net particle fluxes of the five lowest size bins, representing 0.25–0.45 μm in diameter, pointed downward in more or less all wind sectors in the wet season. This is an indication that the source of primary biogenic aerosol particles may be small in this particle size range. In the diameter range 0.5–2.5 μm, vertical particle fluxes were highly dependent on wind direction. In wind sectors where anthropogenic influence was low, net emission fluxes dominated. However, in wind sectors associated with higher anthropogenic influence, net deposition fluxes dominated. The net emission fluxes were interpreted as primary biogenic aerosol emission, but deposition of anthropogenic particles seems to have masked this emission in wind sectors with higher anthropogenic influence. The emission fluxes were at maximum in the afternoon when the mixed layer is well developed, and these emissions were best correlated with horizontal wind speed by the equation log10F=0.47·U+2.26 where F is the emission number flux of 0.5–2.5 μm particles [m−2s−1] and U is the horizontal wind speed [ms−1] at the top of the tower.
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| 6. |
- Alnervik, Karin, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Do we trust the process? Learning in preschool
- 2014
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Ingår i: Us, Them & Me: Universal, Targeted Or Individuated Early Childhood Programmes. - : European Early Childhood Education Research Association (EECERA).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim is to develop knowledge about young children’s learning of academic concepts as embodied actions and through imagination. In the Swedish preschool curriculum academic subjects such as math and science has been emphasised and the teachers are required to document, what is formulated, as the child’s ‘changed knowing’. There are tendencies that changed knowing is interpreted within two discourses: Goalrational learning versus goalrelational learning. In the former, learning academic subjects becomes a cognitive endeavour similar to teaching older children. In goal relational approaches curriculum goals are interpreted as tools in exploratory processes. We take a sociocultural perspective and apply Wartofsky’s idea of bodily representations and concepts. The empirical data is teachers’ pedagogical documentation in terms of photo images, dialogues between children-children and children-pedagogues and the pedagogues reflections. Interaction and conversation analysis based on the conceptual framework. The pedagogical documentation has been approved for research analysis. We had follow the Swedish ethical rules and guidelines for research in the humanities and social sciences. The result shows that in projects where preschool curriculum goals as, for example math and science, are considered as ‘tools’ and where children are enabled to engage with their whole body and through imagination, scientific concepts become tools in their exploration. An implication is the significance in preschool of taking children’s interest and engagement with their whole body as well as imagination as necessary components in learning processes.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andre, Alann, et al.
(författare)
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An experimental and numerical study of the effect of some manufacturing defects
- 2013
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Ingår i: ICCM International Conferences on Composite Materials. - : International Committee on Composite Materials. ; , s. 4105-4112
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the manufacturing process of composite structural parts, layer of fabrics or unidirectional prepreg may have to be cut in order to fulfil production requirements. From a general mechanical point of view, cutting fibres in a composite part has a large negative impact on the mechanical properties. However, such interventions are necessary in particular cases, for example due to draping of complex geometries. A rather extensive test program was launched to investigate the effects of defects that typically could arise during manufacturing. The overall purpose of the test program was to determine knock-down factors on strength for typical manufacturing defects that occasionally arise and sometimes are hard to avoid in production: cuts/gaps and fibre angle deviations. Four types of specimens were tested, reference, intersection of cuts in adjacent layers combined with a bolt hole, cut in a zero degree ply combined with a bolt hole and specimens with misaligned fibres. The specimens with misaligned fibres were tested with three different fibre angles. In addition to the experimental procedure, FE-analyses utilising cohesive elements were conducted, and after mechanical tests, Non Destructive Investigation (NDI) and fractographic investigations were performed. An excellent correlation between analyses and experiments were obtained.
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| 9. |
- Andrén, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Öppna prioriteringar inom nya områden : logopedi, nutritionsbedömning, habilitering och arbetsterapi
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns fortfarande ett behov av att öka kunskapen om och stödja den praktiska tillämpningen av riksdagens riktlinjer för öppna prioriteringar inom svensk hälso- och sjukvård. Flera förslag på hur ett sådant stöd kan se ut har tagits fram de senaste åren. Spridning av goda exempel är ett sådant förslag, metodstöd ett annat (PrioriteringsCentrum 2007). En mer påtaglig form av metodstöd är den nationella modell som vuxit fram för att konkretisera innebörden i riktlinjerna (Carlsson m fl 2007). Den får idag anses som välbeprövad inom ett flertal områden och har bidragit till att samsynen och kommunicerbarheten kring prioriteringar har ökat i landet. Erfarenheter visar dock att det behövs pedagogisk vägledning i hur modellen kan tillämpas. För att möta upp efterfrågan på sådant metodstöd erbjuder Prioriteringscentrum handledning i grupp. Den första handledningsgruppen är nu avslutad och det är deltagarnas prioriteringsarbeten som presenteras i denna rapport i syfte att sprida konkreta exempel på försök att tillämpa prioriteringsriktlinjerna.I rapporten presenteras fyra prioriteringsarbeten med fokus på: Regionsamverkan inom arbetsterapi Logopedi Yrkesspecifika prioriteringar på väg till teamet Från projekt till integrerat redskapExemplet med prioriteringar i regionsamverkan utgörs av det prioriteringsarbete som genomförts i det s k femklövernätverket bestående av en samverkansgrupp för arbetsterapeuter i ledningsposition på sjukhusen i Uppland, Västmanland, Södermanland, Gävleborg och Dalarna. Arbetet var ett försök att skapa gemensamma prioriteringar i regionen för ett sjukdomsområde som kändes relevant. Valet kom att falla på arbetsterapi inom reumatologi. Arbetet har sedan huvudsakligen bedrivits i en projektgrupp, bestående av en representant från varje sjukhus där arbetet växlat mellan arbete på hemmaplan och avstämningsträffar i projektgruppen.Försöket har visat att det finns en samsyn inom regionen kring prioriteringar inom arbetsterapi och reumatologi. Säkerheten i prioriteringarna har ökat i och med att fem arbetsterapiorganisationer tillsammans bidragit med ett stort underlagsmaterial bl a genom att delge varandra sina kliniska erfarenheter. Förutsättningarna för en mer likartad vård i regionen har ökat. Arbetet har också gett upphov till frågor om i vilka situationer det är att föredra att prioriteringsarbete bedrivs lokalt, regionvis och/eller nationellt.
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| 10. |
- Anter, Karin Fridell, et al.
(författare)
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SYN-TES INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ON COLOUR AND LIGHT
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings for Interim Meeting of the International Colour Association (AIC); AIC 2012 “In Color We Live: Color and Environment”, 22 – 25 September 2012, Taipei, Taiwan. - : The International Colour Association. ; , s. 80-83, s. 80-83
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colour and light have largely been considered as belonging to two different fields of knowledge, having disparate theoretical, terminological and methodological traditions. This creates a ground for misunderstandings and obstructs a fruitful interdisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration. A survey over international research literature from 2006 -2011 shows that there has been only little research on the spatial interaction between colour and light, but that the interest for this area has recently increased. The interdisciplinary Nordic research project SYN-TES: Human colour and light synthesis. Towards a coherent field of knowledge was carried out during 2010-11. Colour and light experts from Nordic universities and companies investigated different aspects of the spatial interaction between colour and light and its importance for human beings. This paper deals with the general learnings from the process. Specific results are presented in other papers at this conference.
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