| 1. |
- Fall, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Age- and sex-specific causal effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 64:5, s. 1841-1852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. We used a Mendelian randomization approach, applying a set of 32 genetic markers to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, glycemic indices, circulating lipid levels, and markers of inflammation and liver disease in up to 67,553 individuals. All analyses were stratified by age (cutoff 55 years of age) and sex. The genetic score was associated with BMI in both nonstratified analysis (P = 2.8 × 10(-107)) and stratified analyses (all P < 3.3 × 10(-30)). We found evidence of a causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, fasting levels of insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in a nonstratified analysis and in the <55-year stratum. Further, we found evidence of a smaller causal effect on total cholesterol (P for difference = 0.015) in the ≥55-year stratum than in the <55-year stratum, a finding that could be explained by biology, survival bias, or differential medication. In conclusion, this study extends previous knowledge of the effects of adiposity by providing sex- and age-specific causal estimates on cardiovascular risk factors.
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| 2. |
- Holmström, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Productivity of Scots pine and Norway spruce in central Sweden and competitive release in mixtures of the two species
- 2018
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 429, s. 287-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 53 year old growth and yield study of monocultures and mixture of two species, Scots pine and Norway spruce, was analysed. The replacement design of the experiment (at the time of establishment same density in all treatments and 50/50 proportion in the mixture) in ten blocks enables the comparison of site and species specific growth, as well as the species specific response to competition. In monocultures Scots pine, produced 126% more stem wood biomass than Norway spruce. Scots pine benefitted from the mixture and tended to grow as in a reduced spacing. Norway spruce, the subdominant tree species, suffered from the competition, and produced less than expected, with a lower mean diameter compared to the monoculture. Hence, no facilitative or complementary effects was possible to prove when growing the species in mixture. However, the experiment demonstrates that if the uncertainties in choice of species at the time of regeneration is high, then the mixture of two species could be an option. The lower density of the highest yielding species in the mixture compared to the monoculture, could be compensated in growth by the competition release.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Abraham, et al.
(författare)
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Improved and sustained triage skills in firemen after a short training intervention
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1757-7241. ; 23:81, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A previous study has shown no measurable improvement in triage accuracy among physicians attending the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course and suggests a curriculum revision regarding triage. Other studies have indicated that cooperative learning helps students acquire knowledge. Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of trauma cards in triage training for firemen. Methods: Eighty-six firemen were randomly assigned into two groups: the trauma card group and the direct instruction group. Both groups received the same 30-min PowerPoint lecture on how to perform triage according to the Sort Assess Lifesaving interventions Treatment and transport (SALT) Mass Casualty Triage Algorithm. In the trauma card group, the participants were divided into groups of 3-5 and instructed to triage 10 trauma victims according to the descriptions on the trauma cards. In the direct instruction group, written forms about the same 10 victims were used and discussed as a continuation of the PowerPoint lecture. Total training time was 60 min for both groups. A test was distributed before and after the educational intervention to measure the individual triage skills. The same test was applied again 6 months later. Results: There was a significant improvement in triage skills directly after the intervention and this was sustained 6 months later. No significant difference in triage skills was seen between the trauma card group and the direct instruction group. Previous experience of multi-casualty incidents, years in service, level of education or age did not have any measurable effects on triage accuracy. Conclusions: One hour of triage training with the SALT Mass Casualty Triage Algorithm was enough to significantly improve triage accuracy in both groups of firemen with sustained skills 6 months later. Further studies on the first assessment on scene versus patient outcome are necessary to provide evidence that this training can improve casualty outcome. The efficacy and validity of trauma cards for disaster management training need to be tested in future studies.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Early growth of planted Norway spruce and Scots pine after site preparation in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 34, s. 678-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) have different site preferences, but silvicultural recommendations for their regeneration at planting (including site preparation) are often the same. Thus, there is a clear need for greater understanding of species-specific interactions between site preparation and site properties. To meet this need, the species' growth and survival have been monitored at both fertile and poor sites in northern and southern Sweden. At each of these sites, effects of three types of site preparation - removed humus (RH), deep soil cultivation (DSC) and control (C, no site preparation) - were compared. Results show that Scots pine grew more rapidly initially than Norway spruce, and DSC site preparation promoted growth of both species. However, on poor sites there was a delay in growth responses. In addition, removal of organic material in the RH treatment caused a sustained growth check of Norway spruce, but not for Scots pine. This study confirms that it is beneficial to use site preparation as it increases the survival of both species and may increase growth. However, site preparation methods that reduce the amount of organic material in the planting spots should be avoided for Norway spruce.
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| 5. |
- Pennells, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Equalization of four cardiovascular risk algorithms after systematic recalibration : individual-participant meta-analysis of 86 prospective studies
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 40:7, s. 621-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: There is debate about the optimum algorithm for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk estimation. We conducted head-to-head comparisons of four algorithms recommended by primary prevention guidelines, before and after ‘recalibration’, a method that adapts risk algorithms to take account of differences in the risk characteristics of the populations being studied.Methods and results: Using individual-participant data on 360 737 participants without CVD at baseline in 86 prospective studies from 22 countries, we compared the Framingham risk score (FRS), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), pooled cohort equations (PCE), and Reynolds risk score (RRS). We calculated measures of risk discrimination and calibration, and modelled clinical implications of initiating statin therapy in people judged to be at ‘high’ 10 year CVD risk. Original risk algorithms were recalibrated using the risk factor profile and CVD incidence of target populations. The four algorithms had similar risk discrimination. Before recalibration, FRS, SCORE, and PCE over-predicted CVD risk on average by 10%, 52%, and 41%, respectively, whereas RRS under-predicted by 10%. Original versions of algorithms classified 29–39% of individuals aged ≥40 years as high risk. By contrast, recalibration reduced this proportion to 22–24% for every algorithm. We estimated that to prevent one CVD event, it would be necessary to initiate statin therapy in 44–51 such individuals using original algorithms, in contrast to 37–39 individuals with recalibrated algorithms.Conclusion: Before recalibration, the clinical performance of four widely used CVD risk algorithms varied substantially. By contrast, simple recalibration nearly equalized their performance and improved modelled targeting of preventive action to clinical need.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersen, J., et al.
(författare)
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The soft X-ray laser project at MAX IV
- 2017
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Ingår i: IPAC 2017 - Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - : Joint Accelerator Conferences Website - JACoW. - 9783954501823 ; , s. 2760-2762
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Soft X-ray Laser (SXL) beamline utilising FEL technology is being designed for the Short Pulse Facility (SPF) at the MAX IV Laboratory. A conceptual design study has been started following on the scientific case already prepared in collaboration between several Swedish Universities and driven by a strong (Swedish) user demand. The baseline goal of the SXL beamline is to generate intense and short pulses in the range 1-5 nm (0.2-1 keV). The system is building on the MAX IV linac system, already today providing 100 fs 3 GeV and pulses compressed to 100 fs for other applications within the SPF. As a special feature we foresee a variety of pump-probe capabilities.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bergens, Oscar, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness Does Not Offset Adiposity-Related Systemic Inflammation in Physically Active Older Women
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Williams & Wilkins Co.. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 104:9, s. 4119-4126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Chronic inflammation increases diabetes risk and may be exacerbated by excess adipose tissue. Whether cardiovascular fitness can offset chronic inflammation associated with excess adipose tissue in older adults is unclear.OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to examine the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on links between adiposity and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers related to metabolic risk in physically active older women.DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional study comprising older community-dwelling women (n = 109; age, 65-70 yr).MAIN OUTCOME: Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a standardized submaximal test and participants were categorized into high and low adiposity-related metabolic risk (body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and total fat mass). The inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-18, adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1α) were analyzed.RESULTS: Regardless of adiposity measure, women in the metabolic high-risk group had significantly (P<0.05) elevated CRP and lower adiponectin levels. Levels of IL-6 and MIP1-α were significantly elevated in the high-risk group defined by WHR and total fat mass. IL-18 level was significantly elevated in the high-risk group based on WHR only. Importantly, a high cardiorespiratory fitness level did not attenuate the detrimental links between adiposity measures and inflammation.CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, cardiorespiratory fitness does not offset the detrimental links between adiposity and several inflammatory biomarkers related to metabolic risk in physically active older women. Reducing abdominal adipose tissue in older adults should be emphasized in efforts aiming to attenuate age-related systemic inflammation and metabolic risk regardless of cardiorespiratory fitness.
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| 10. |
- Berggren, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of using the designated duty officers when assessing the medical response organization
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundAn important aspect of disaster medicine is to be proactive and respond quickly when disaster strikes. In Sweden, the role responsible for swift medical response on the regional level is the designated duty officer.MethodsA large exercise to assess national medical response ability was conducted. Seven medical regional staffs (a total of 93 individuals participated as tested participants) were involved in handling a large train accident scenario. The exercise was run for 5 hours, where the different regional staffs were located at their regular command posts. The exercise was organized using Emergo Train Systems.ResultsSeveral capabilities were identified during the exercise as important for the organization to maintain the ability to handle a similar event: documentation and operational picture, communication and terminology, command of resources, strategy for distribution of resources, national co-ordination, and exercise development.The designated duty officers were central to the exercise in several aspects: 1) in developing and verifying a realistic scenario and preparing background information, 2) as participants in the exercise, 3) assessors of the staffs’ behaviors, and 4) as domain experts when interpreting the exercise outcome.ConclusionsUsing subject matter experts is central to many research domains. However, the more complex a situation is the larger the demand of expertise is. The technical platform allows for coordinating complex exercises, whereas the subject matter expert in terms of the designated duty officer is required to guarantee validity and reliability in these large-scale exercises.Key messages:Running complex scenarios to train and test abilities requires subject matter experts in both planning, preparation, implementation, and assessment.Sophisticated simulator and training platforms, such as Emergo Train Systems, facilitates while the designated duty officers are necessary to guarantee validity and reliability in the exercise.
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