| 1. |
- Ekberg, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality risks among heavy-smokers with special reference to women: a long-term follow-up of an urban population
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 22:5, s. 301-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased mortality risks associated with smoking are well established among men. There are very few population-based studies comprising a sufficient number of heavily smoking women, measuring the direct effect of smoking on mortality risks. Between 1974 and 1992, 8,499 women and 13,888 men attended a health screening programme including reporting of smoking habits. Individuals were followed for total mortality until 2005. All-cause, cancer, cardiovascular, lung cancer and respiratory mortality were calculated in smoking categories < 10 g per day, 10-19 g per day, and >= 20 g per day with never-smokers as a reference group and with adjustments for co-morbidities, socio-economic and marital status. For respiratory mortality and lung cancer adjustments for FEV1, socio-economic and marital status were performed. Smoking was associated with a two to almost threefold increased mortality risk among women and men. The relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval, (CI) for women who smoked 10-19 g per day was 2.44 (2.07-2.87), and for those who smoked 20 g per day or more the RR (95% CI) was 2.42 (2.00-2.92). Smoking was a strong risk factor for cardiovascular mortality among women, the RR (95% CI) for women who smoked 10-19 g per day was 4.52 (3.07-6.64). Ex-smoking women showed increased risks of all-cause mortality; RR (95% CI) 1.26 (1.04-1.52) cancer (excluding lung cancer); RR (95% CI) 1.42 (1.07-1.88) and lung cancer RR (95% CI) 2.71 (1.02-7.23) mortality. However, the cardiovascular; RR (95% CI) 1.18 (0.69-2.00) and respiratory; RR (95% CI) 0.79 (0.16-3.84) mortality risks were not statistically significant. This study confirms that as for men, middle-aged heavily smoking women have a two to threefold increased mortality risk. Adjustments for co-morbidity, socio-economic and marital status did not change these results.
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| 2. |
- Holmberg, Anna H, et al.
(författare)
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The Association Between Hyperglycemia and Fracture Risk in Middle Age. A prospective, population-based study of 22 444 men and 10 902 women.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 93:3, s. 815-822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased fracture risk, whereas the risk associated with type 2 diabetes is less obvious. Elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) and high 2-hour glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) indicate impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes. The associations between FBG, 2-h glucose and the risk of fracture were investigated. Methods: The Malmö Preventive Project consists of 22 444 men (44 +/- 6.6 yrs) and 10 902 women (50 +/- 7.4 yrs), with a follow-up of 19 (+/-3.9)years and 15 (+/-4.5) years for incident fractures. Baseline assessment included multiple examinations and lifestyle information. A logistic regression model was used. Adjustments were made for age, BMI, and smoking. Results: Low-energy fractures were recorded in 1246 men and 1236 women. A 2-h glucose measurement between 4.3 and 6.2 mmol/L in men (2(nd) and 3(rd) quartiles), and above 6.5 mmol/L in women (3(rd) and 4(th) quartiles), adjusted for age, BMI, and smoking, was significantly associated with decreased risk of multiple fractures, in men (ORs 0.57-0.71) and women (ORs 0.38-0.66). In women, a 2-h glucose measurement above 7.5 mmol/L was associated with a decreased risk of osteoporotic fractures (OR 0.57, CI 95% 0.44-0.74). Conclusions: In middle-aged men and women, elevated 2-h glucose levels were associated with decreased risks of multiple and osteoporotic fractures, independent of age, BMI, and smoking. A high 2-h glucose level is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance with a high insulin level. Our findings indirectly suggest a positive effect on bone from hyperglycemia.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, P M, et al.
(författare)
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Population-attributable risk of coronary heart disease risk factors during long-term follow-up: the Malmö Preventive Project.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 260:2, s. 134-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To calculate the population-attributable risk (PAR) of coronary events (CE) from 10 risk factors, during long-term follow-up. Methods We used both case-cohort and case-control analyses for calculation of PAR in relation to 10 baseline risk factors. First CE (fatal or nonfatal, n = 3072) in 22 444 males and 10 902 females was recorded during a mean follow-up of 20 years by use of national registers. Results Using a Cox regression analysis in a case-cohort design, smoking (prevalence in men 49%, women 37%) was the strongest risk factor, RR 2.29 (95% CI 2.09-2.52; PAR 39%), followed by hypercholesterolaemia, RR 1.70 (95% CI 1.56-1.86; PAR 18%), and diabetes, RR 1.67 (95% CI 1.41-1.99; PAR 3%). For women the strongest risk factors were smoking, RR 3.16 (95% CI 2.50-3.98; PAR 44%), diabetes, RR 2.59 (95% CI 1.78-3.76; PAR 6%), and hypertension, RR 2.47 (95% CI 1.94-3.14; PAR 23%). In men, smoking was the strongest predictor both after 10 years [RR 2.69 (95% CI 2.23-3.24)] and 20 years [RR 2.45 (95% CI 2.15-2.79)], followed by hypercholesterolaemia (RR 2.16-1.63), hypertension (RR 2.04-1.51), and diabetes (RR 1.85 -1.47). The case-control design gave very similar results. Total PAR varied from 74% (fully adjusted Cox regression, case-control, in men) to 116% in women (case-cohort). Conclusion Smoking is the most important long-term risk factor for CE in both genders, based on data from a population with a high proportion of smokers. Ten measured variables explained almost all variation in risk and could be used as a basis for intervention programmes.
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| 5. |
- Abdo, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope
- 2009
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 32:3-4, s. 193-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope began its on-orbit operations on June 23, 2008. Calibrations, defined in a generic sense, correspond to synchronization of trigger signals, optimization of delays for latching data, determination of detector thresholds, gains and responses, evaluation of the perimeter of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), measurements of live time, of absolute time, and internal and spacecraft boresight alignments. Here we describe on-orbit calibration results obtained using known astrophysical sources, galactic cosmic rays, and charge injection into the front-end electronics of each detector. Instrument response functions will be described in a separate publication. This paper demonstrates the stability of calibrations and describes minor changes observed since launch. These results have been used to calibrate the LAT datasets to be publicly released in August 2009.
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| 6. |
- Acciari, V. A., et al.
(författare)
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Radio Imaging of the Very-High-Energy gamma-Ray Emission Region in the Central Engine of a Radio Galaxy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 325:5939, s. 444-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The accretion of matter onto a massive black hole is believed to feed the relativistic plasma jets found in many active galactic nuclei (AGN). Although some AGN accelerate particles to energies exceeding 10(12) electron volts and are bright sources of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission, it is not yet known where the VHE emission originates. Here we report on radio and VHE observations of the radio galaxy Messier 87, revealing a period of extremely strong VHE gamma-ray flares accompanied by a strong increase of the radio flux from its nucleus. These results imply that charged particles are accelerated to very high energies in the immediate vicinity of the black hole.
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| 9. |
- Andersson-Gunneras, S., et al.
(författare)
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Biosynthesis of cellulose-enriched tension wood in Populus : global analysis of transcripts and metabolites identifies biochemical and developmental regulators in secondary wall biosynthesis
- 2006
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Ingår i: The Plant Journal. - Malden : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 45:2, s. 144-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stems and branches of angiosperm trees form tension wood (TW) when exposed to a gravitational stimulus. One of the main characteristics of TW, which distinguishes it from normal wood, is the formation of fibers with a thick inner gelatinous cell wall layer mainly composed of crystalline cellulose. Hence TW is enriched in cellulose, and deficient in lignin and hemicelluloses. An expressed sequence tag library made from TW-forming tissues in Populus tremula (L.) x tremuloides (Michx.) and data from transcript profiling using microarray and metabolite analysis were obtained during TW formation in Populus tremula (L.) in two growing seasons. The data were examined with the aim of identifying the genes responsible for the change in carbon
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| 10. |
- Aspeborg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in the secondary cell wall biogenesis in hybrid aspen
- 2005
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 137:3, s. 983-997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood formation is a fundamental biological process with significant economic interest. While lignin biosynthesis is currently relatively well understood, the pathways leading to the synthesis of the key structural carbohydrates in wood fibers remain obscure. We have used a functional genomics approach to identify enzymes involved in carbohydrate biosynthesis and remodeling during xylem development in the hybrid aspen Populus tremula x tremuloides. Microarrays containing cDNA clones from different tissue-specific libraries were hybridized with probes obtained from narrow tissue sections prepared by cryosectioning of the developing xylem. Bioinformatic analyses using the sensitive tools developed for carbohydrate-active enzymes allowed the identification of 25 xylem-specific glycosyltransferases belonging to the Carbohydrate-Active EnZYme families GT2, GT8, GT14, GT31, GT43, GT47, and GT61 and nine glycosidases (or transglycosidases) belonging to the Carbohydrate-Active EnZYme families GH9, GH10, GH16, GH17, GH19, GH28, GH35, and GH51. While no genes encoding either polysaccharide lyases or carbohydrate esterases were found among the secondary wall-specific genes, one putative O-acetyltransferase was identified. These wood-specific enzyme genes constitute a valuable resource for future development of engineered fibers with improved performance in different applications.
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