| 1. |
- Barkman, Henric, et al.
(author)
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Sharing Towns : Building success with the sharing economy outside big cities
- 2021
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In: Sharing Cities 2020. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 9789811580369 - 9789811580376 ; , s. 19-21
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The sharing economy is sometimes described as a big city phenomenon. Among the successful examples of sharing economy, cities such as New York, Amsterdam, Seoul, Bergen, Oslo, and Gothenburg are often highlighted. But the majority of the population of Sweden and many other countries do not live in big cities, but in small towns, medium-sized cities or in a rural area. With a smaller and less densely populated population base, these areas are less interesting for commercial sharing services, and it also considered to be more difficult to create a critical mass for sharing under such conditions.
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| 2. |
- Gullström, Charlie, et al.
(author)
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Stockholm : Developing a citizen engagement laboratory for a local climate goal and the sharing economy
- 2021
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In: Sharing Cities 2020. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 9789811580369 - 9789811580376 ; , s. 113-117
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The uniqueness of the Stockholm test-bed is based on its close collaboration with a citizen initiative called Hammarby Sjöstad 2.0 around the mission to create a climate-neutral city district by 2027. The founder of Hammarby Sjöstad 2.0 is ElectriCITY, a (civic society NGO and) membership association which operates a number of energy initiatives in the area since 2012, primarily by targeting the need for knowledge-sharing between housing association boards. Over 30 housing associations are currently engaged in projects relating to optimized energy systems; joint procurement; a shared solar-cell park; and real estate hub for sharing data and preparations to form positive energy districts are ongoing. Since its start in 2017, Sharing City Stockholm has fuelled Hammarby Sjöstad 2.0 as a ‘citizen engagement lab’ by more directly involving households in reaching the climate goal. A workshop series ‘Klimatspanarna’ has been launched, with topics of interest to families with small children; and various projects are ongoing to promote sharing among neighbours, as an alternative to consumption, by experimenting with neighbourhood platforms and working with focus groups in selected residential blocks.
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| 3. |
- Leonette, Juliet, et al.
(author)
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Malmö : Connecting the sharing economy to urban planning processes
- 2021
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In: Sharing Cities 2020. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 9789811580369 - 9789811580376 ; , s. 79-81
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A new neighbourhood in Malmö is emerging in Sege Park, an area with a rich history and exciting future. The existing parks and buildings provide the conditions for a good living environment. Sustainability, the sharing economy and urban agriculture are some key words for the building actors who are developing some 800 – 1,000 homes in Sege Park together with the municipality. The innovative aspect of the Malmö test-bed is the integration of principles for the sharing economy into the design of infrastructure and housing in Sege Park. The test-bed has come to be a setting where actors openly discuss and negotiate with each other about how to create a sustainable and sharing city district.
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| 4. |
- Näslund, Philip, et al.
(author)
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Umeå : Contributing to sustainable growth and inclusivity through the sharing economy
- 2021
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In: Sharing Cities 2020. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 9789811580369 - 9789811580376 ; , s. 143-145
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Over the past 50 years Umeå has displayed constant growth, making it the fastest-growing region in northern Sweden. It is therefore crucial that Umeå grows with regards to environmental, social, cultural and economic aspects. Sharing City Umeå, which is a test-bed for the sharing economy, is focusing on innovative solutions for shared mobility, green spaces, resource efficiency, sustainable consumption and supporting the local sharing ecosystem and entrepreneurs. One key question for Umeå is to understand the different roles in the sharing economy for the municipality, companies, NGOs and citizens to support, enable and deliver sharing services in the city. It important to understand how different sharing solutions is contributing to the Global Sustainable Development Goals and the local sustainability goals in Umeå. The test-bed solutions that are successful will be implemented both in new city districts and in existing infrastructure and processes.
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| 5. |
- Pennells, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Equalization of four cardiovascular risk algorithms after systematic recalibration : individual-participant meta-analysis of 86 prospective studies
- 2019
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In: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 40:7, s. 621-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: There is debate about the optimum algorithm for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk estimation. We conducted head-to-head comparisons of four algorithms recommended by primary prevention guidelines, before and after ‘recalibration’, a method that adapts risk algorithms to take account of differences in the risk characteristics of the populations being studied.Methods and results: Using individual-participant data on 360 737 participants without CVD at baseline in 86 prospective studies from 22 countries, we compared the Framingham risk score (FRS), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), pooled cohort equations (PCE), and Reynolds risk score (RRS). We calculated measures of risk discrimination and calibration, and modelled clinical implications of initiating statin therapy in people judged to be at ‘high’ 10 year CVD risk. Original risk algorithms were recalibrated using the risk factor profile and CVD incidence of target populations. The four algorithms had similar risk discrimination. Before recalibration, FRS, SCORE, and PCE over-predicted CVD risk on average by 10%, 52%, and 41%, respectively, whereas RRS under-predicted by 10%. Original versions of algorithms classified 29–39% of individuals aged ≥40 years as high risk. By contrast, recalibration reduced this proportion to 22–24% for every algorithm. We estimated that to prevent one CVD event, it would be necessary to initiate statin therapy in 44–51 such individuals using original algorithms, in contrast to 37–39 individuals with recalibrated algorithms.Conclusion: Before recalibration, the clinical performance of four widely used CVD risk algorithms varied substantially. By contrast, simple recalibration nearly equalized their performance and improved modelled targeting of preventive action to clinical need.
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