| 1. |
- Enriquez, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in south Central Uganda : A cross-sectional survey
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite numerous risk factors and serious consequences, little is known about metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) at population level in Africa. Aim: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of MASLD in people living with and without HIV in Uganda. Methods: We collected data from 37 communities in South Central Uganda between May 2016 and May 2018. We estimated MASLD prevalence using the fatty liver index and advanced liver fibrosis using the dynamic aspartate-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio. We collected additional data on sociodemographics, HIV and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between HIV, CVD risk factors and MASLD. Results: We included 759 people with HIV and 704 HIV-negative participants aged 35–49. MASLD prevalence was 14% in women and 8% in men; advanced liver fibrosis prevalence was estimated to be <1%. MASLD prevalence was more common in women (15% vs. 13%) and men (9% vs. 6%) with HIV. Being female (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–3.3) was associated with a higher odds of MASLD after adjustment for confounders; HIV infection was borderline associated with MASLD (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0–2.0). Conclusions: In a relatively young cohort in Uganda, 14% of women and 8% of men had MASLD. There was an indication of an association between HIV and MASLD in multivariable analysis. These data are the first to describe the population-level burden of MASLD in sub-Saharan Africa using data from a population-based cohort.
|
|
| 2. |
- Sengeh, P, et al.
(författare)
-
Community knowledge, perceptions and practices around COVID-19 in Sierra Leone: a nationwide, cross-sectional survey
- 2020
-
Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:9, s. e040328-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess the public’s knowledge, attitudes and practices about the novel coronavirus in Sierra Leone to inform an evidence-based communication strategy around COVID-19.DesignNationwide, cross-sectional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices survey.Setting56 randomly selected communities in all 14 districts in Sierra Leone.Participants1253 adults aged 18 years and older of which 52% were men.Main outcome measuresWe calculated proportions of core indicators (awareness, knowledge, risk perception, practices). A composite variable for knowledge (based on seven variables) was created, and categorised into low (0–2 correct), medium (3–4) and high (5–7). Predictors of knowledge were analysed with multilevel ordinal regression models. Associations between information sources, knowledge and two practices (washing hands with soap and avoiding crowds) were analysed using multilevel logistic regression models.ResultsWe found that 75% of the respondents felt at moderate or great risk of contracting coronavirus. A majority (70%) of women did not know you can survive COVID-19, compared with 61% of men. 60% of men and 54% of women had already taken action to avoid infection with the coronavirus, mostly washing hands with soap and water (87%). Radio (73%) was the most used source for COVID-19 information, followed by social media (39%). Having a medium or high level of knowledge was associated with higher odds of washing hands with soap (medium knowledge: adjusted OR (AOR) 2.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 4.4; high knowledge: AOR 4.6, 95% CI 2.1 to 10.2) and avoiding crowds (medium knowledge: AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6; high knowledge: AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.3).ConclusionsThis study shows that in the context of COVID-19 in Sierra Leone, there is a strong association between knowledge and practices. Because the knowledge gap differs between genders, regions, educational levels and age, it is important that messages are specifically targeted to these core audiences.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ayoola, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Overweight and obesity in south central Uganda: A population-based study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: PLOS global public health. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 2767-3375. ; 2:11, s. e0001051-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is a rapidly growing global health challenge, but there are few population-level studies from non-urban settings in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated the prevalence of overweight (body mass index (BMI)>25 kg/m2), obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2), and associated factors using data from May 2018 to November 2020 from the Rakai Community Cohort Study, a population-based cohort of residents aged 15 to 49 living in forty-one fishing, trading, and agrarian communities in South Central Uganda. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence risk ratios (PRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in 18,079 participants. The overall mean BMI was 22.9 kg/m2. Mean BMI was 21.5 kg/m2 and 24.1 kg/m2 for males and females, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 22.8% and 6.2%, respectively. Females had a higher probability of overweight/obesity (PRR: 4.11, CI: 2.98–5.68) than males. For female participants, increasing age, higher socioeconomic status, residing in a trading or fishing community (PRR: 1.25, CI 1.16–1.35 and PRR: 1.17, CI 1.10–1.25, respectively), being currently or previously married (PRR: 1.22, CI 1.07–1.40 and PRR: 1.16, CI 1.01–1.34, respectively), working in a bar/restaurant (PRR: 1.29, CI 1.17–1.45), trading/shopkeeping (PRR: 1.38, CI 1.29–1.48), and reporting alcohol use in the last year (PRR: 1.21, CI 1.10–1.33) were risk factors for overweight/obese. For male participants, increasing age, higher socioeconomic status, being currently married (PRR: 1.94, CI 1.50–2.50), residing in a fishing community (PRR: 1.68, CI 1.40–2.02), working in a bar/restaurant (PRR: 2.20, CI 1.10–4.40), trading/shopkeeping (PRR: 1.75, CI 1.45–2.11), or fishing (PRR: 1.32, CI 1.03–1.69) increased the probability of overweight/obesity. Non-Muslim participants, male smokers, and HIV-positive females had a lower probability of overweight/obese. The prevalence of overweight/obesity in non-urban Ugandans is substantial. Targeted interventions to high-risk subgroups in this population are needed.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Hellden, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Interactions between child health and the Sustainable Development Goals - an empirical assessment in Cambodia
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Tropical medicine & international health. - : Wiley. - 1360-2276 .- 1365-3156. ; 26, s. 134-134
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- OBJECTIVE With the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) there is a need for a framework for understanding how child health is related to other sustainable development outcomes. Cambodia has made great advances in child health and recently adapted the SDGs into the Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals (CSDGs). A systematic assessment of how the SDGs influence child health and vice versa has however been lacking. This study aimed to contribute to such an assessment by considering the interactions between the SDGs and child health in Cambodia.METHODS The participatory semi-quantitative SDG Synergies method was applied in order to systematically assess the interactions. Over a two-day workshop, 29 governmental and non-governmental stakeholders scored 272 interactions between 17 CSDGs where CSDG 3 represented child health on a seven-point scale from strongly restricting (-3) to strongly promoting (+3). From this a cross-impact matrix was derived and network analysis applied to determine first and second-order effects of the interactions with a focus on child health.RESULTS Overall, stakeholders perceived in general that there are promoting interactions between the CSDGs and child health and that CSDG 16 (peace, justice and strong institutions) might have the largest synergistic potential for the achievement of the CSDGs. Stakeholders perceived that progress on child health promotes the achievement of all other goals except for CSDG 15 (life on land) in Cambodia. Conversely, progress on all other goals positively influence child health.CONCLUSIONS The investigation of the interactions surrounding the SDGs and child health in Cambodia provide insights on how complex relationships play out at country level, illuminating critical synergies and trad-offs. This understanding is vital for informing policy coherence and multisectoral partnerships that can accelerate the work towards achieving the 2030 Agenda and the betterment of global child health in Cambodia and beyond.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
