| 1. |
- Schulman, S., et al.
(författare)
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Post-thrombotic syndrome, recurrence, and death 10 years after the first episode of venous thromboembolism treated with warfarin for 6 weeks or 6 months
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 4:4, s. 734-742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The influence of the duration of anticoagulant therapy after venous thromboembolism (VTE) on the long-term morbidity and mortality is unclear. Aim: To investigate the long-term sequelae of VTE in patients randomized to different duration of secondary prophylaxis. Methods: In a multicenter trial comparing secondary prophylaxis with vitamin K antagonists for 6 weeks or 6 months, we extended the originally planned 2 years follow-up to 10 years. The patients had annual visits and at the last visit clinical assessment of the post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) was performed. Recurrent thromboembolism was adjudicated by a radiologist, blinded to treatment allocation. Causes of death were obtained from the Swedish Death Registry. Results: Of the 897 patients randomized, 545 could be evaluated at the 10 years follow-up. The probability of developing severe PTS was 6% and any sign of PTS was seen in 56.3% of the evaluated patients. In multivariate analysis, old age and signs of impaired circulation at discharge from the hospital were independent risk factors at baseline for development of PTS after 10 years. Recurrent thromboembolism occurred in 29.1% of the patients with a higher rate among males, older patients, those with permanent gering risk factor - especially with venous insufficiency at baseline - signs of impaired venous circulation at discharge, proximal deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism. Death occurred in 28.5%, which was a higher mortality than expected with a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.43 (95% CI 1.28-1.58), mainly because of a higher mortality than expected from cancer (SIR 1.83, 95% CI 1.44-2.23) or from myocardial infarction or stroke (SIR 1.28, 95% CI 1.00-1.56).The duration of anticoagulation did not have a statistically significant effect on any of the long-term outcomes. Conclusion: The morbidity and mortality during 10 years after the first episode of VTE is high and not reduced by extension of secondary prophylaxis from 6 weeks to 6 months. A strategy to reduce recurrence of VTE as well as mortality from arterial disease is needed. © 2006 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.
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| 2. |
- Kabir, S E, et al.
(författare)
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Triiron and triruthenium carbonyl clusters bearing bridging long chain diphosphine and capping chalcogenido ligands
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Cluster Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1040-7278 .- 1572-8862. ; 16:1, s. 93-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of Ru-3(CO)(12) with dpphSe(2) (dpph = 1,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)-hexane) in refluxing toluene in the presence of Me3NO afforded two new compounds, Ru-3(CO)(7)(mu-CO)(mu(3)-Se)(mu-dpph) (1) and Ru-3(CO)(7)(mu(3)-Se)(2)(mu-dpph) (2). A similar reaction of Ru-3(CO)(12) with dpppeSe(2)(dpppe=1,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane) gave exclusively Ru-3(CO)(7)(mu(3)-Se)(2)(mu-dpppe) (3). Treatment of Ru-3(CO)(12) with dpphS(2) and dpppeS(2) at 110 degrees C in the presence of Me3NO afforded Ru-3(CO)(7)(mu(3)-S)(2)(mu-dpph) (4) and Ru-3(CO)(7)(mu(3)-S)(2)(mu-dpppe) (5), respectively. Reactions of Fe-3(CO)(12) with dpphSe(2) and dpppeSe(2), under identical conditions, afforded Fe-3(CO)(7)(mu(3)-Se)(2)(mu-dpph) (6) and Fe-3(CO)(7)(mu(3)-Se)(2)(mu-dpppe) (7), respectively. Compounds 1-7 were characterized spectroscopically and the molecular structures of compounds 1-4 were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The core of 1 contains an equilateral triangle of ruthenium atoms with one capping selenium, one bridging dpph, one doubly bridging carbonyl and seven terminal carbonyl ligands. Complexes 2-4 have a square-pyramidal structure with two metal and two chalcogenide atoms alternating in the basal plane and the third metal atom at the apex of the pyramid, and belong to the family of well-known nido clusters with seven skeletal electron pairs.
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| 3. |
- Begum, N, et al.
(författare)
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Dithiolate complexes of manganese and rhenium: X-ray structure and properties of an unusual mixed valence cluster Mn-3(CO)(6)(mu-eta(2)-SCH2CH2CH2S)(3)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-510X .- 0020-1669. ; 44:26, s. 9887-9894
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of Mn-2(CO)(10) with 3,4-toluenedithiol and 1,2-ethanedithiol in the presence of Me(3)NO(.)2H(2)O in CH2CI2 at room temperature afforded the dinuclear complexes Mn-2(CO)(6)(mu-eta(4)-SC6H3(CH3)S-SC6H3(CH3)S) (1), and Mn-2(CO)(6)(mu-eta(4)-SCH2CH2S-SCH2CH2S) (2), respectively. Similar reactions of Re-2(CO)(10) with 3,4-toluenedithiol, 1,2benzenedithiol, and 1,2-ethanedithiol yielded the dirhenium complexes Re-2(CO)(6)(mu-eta(4)-SC6H3(CH3)S-SC6H3(CH3)S) (3), Re-2(CO)(6)(mu-eta(4)-SCH2SC6H4S) (4), and Re-2(CO)(6)(SCH2CH2S-SCH2CH2S) (5), respectively. In contrast, treatment of Mn2(CO)10 with 1,3-propanedithiol afforded the trimanganese compound Mn-3(CO)(6)(mu-eta(2)-SCH2CH2CH2S)(3) (6), whereas Re2(CO)10 gave only intractable materials. The molecular structures of 1, 3, and 6 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The dimanganese and dirhenium carbonyl compounds 1-5 contain a binucleating disulfide ligand, formed by interligand disulfide bond formation between two dithiolate ligands identical in structure to that of the previously reported dimanganese complex Mn-2(CO)(6)(mu-eta(4)-SC6H4S-SC6H4S). Complex 6, on the other hand, forms a unique example of a mixed-valence trimangenese carbonyl compound containing three bridging 1,3-propanedithiolate ligands. The solution properties of 6 have been investigated by UV-vis and EPR spectroscopies as well as electrochemical techniques.
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| 4. |
- Gutkina, EA, et al.
(författare)
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Tetranuclear iron(III) complexes of an octadentate pyridine-carboxylate ligand and their catalytic activity in alkane oxidation by hydrogen peroxide
- 2006
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9234. ; :3, s. 492-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reaction of the octadentate ligand 2,6-bis{3-[N,N-di(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]propoxy}benzoic acid (LH) with Fe(ClO4)(3) leads to the formation of the tetranuclear complexes [Fe-4(mu-O)(2)(LH)(2)(ClCH2 CO2)(4)](ClO4)(4) (1), [{Fe-2(mu-O)L(R-CO2)}(2)](ClO4)(4) (2 R = C6H5-, 3 R = CH3-, 4, R = ClCH2-). The crystal structures of complexes 1 and 2 reveal that they consist of two Fe-2(III)(mu-O)(mu-RCO2)(2) cores that are linked via the two LH/L ligands to give a "dimer of dimers" structure. Complex I assumes a helical shape, with protonated carboxylic acid moieties of the two ligands forming a hydrogen-bonded pair at the center of the cation. In complexes 2, 3 and 4, central carboxylates of the two ligands bridge the iron ions in each of the two Fe, O units, with an interdimer iron-iron separation of approximately 10 angstrom and an intradimer separation of approximately 3.1 angstrom. The second carboxylate bridge within the Fe2O units is defined by exogenous benzoate (2), acetate (3) or chloroacetate (4) ligands. The aqua complex [{Fe-2(mu-O)L(H2O)(2)}(2)](ClO4)(6) (5) is proposed to have a similar structure, but with the exogenous bridging carboxylates replaced by two terminal water ligands. These complexes exhibit electronic and Mossbauer spectral features that are similar to those of (mu-oxo)diiron(iii) proteins as well as other related (mu-oxo)bis(mu-carboxylato)diiron(III) complexes. This similarity shows that these properties are not significantly affected by the nature of the bridging exogenous carboxylate, and that the octadentate framework ligand is essential in stabilizing the "dimer of dimers" structure. This structural feature remains in highly diluted solution (10(-5) M) as evidenced by electrospray ionization mass-spectroscopy (ES MS). Cyclic voltammetric studies of complexes 2 and 5 showed two irreversible two-electron reductions, indicating that the two Fe2O units of the tetranuclear complexes behave as distinct redox entities. Complexes 2, 3 and, especially, the aqua complex 5 are active alkane oxidation catalysts. Catalytic reactions carried out with alkane substrate molecules and hydrogen peroxide predominantly gave alcohols. High stereospecificity in the oxidation of cis- 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane supports the metal-based molecular mechanism of O-insertion into C-H bonds postulated for non-heme iron enzymes such as methane monooxygenase.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kiriakidou-Kazemifar, Nitsa, et al.
(författare)
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Syntheses and fluxional processes of diphenyl(2-thienyl)phosphane derivatives of triosmium clusters
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1099-0682 .- 1434-1948. ; :10, s. 2058-2068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal treatment of [OS3(CO)(12)] with diphenyl(2-thienyl)phosphane, Ph(2)p(C4H3S), results in the formation of [Os-3(CO)(12-x){Ph2P(C4H3S)}(x)] (x = 1-3, 1-3), but no C-H bond activation was observed. Reaction of [H2Os3(CO)(10)] with diphenyl(2-thienyl)phosphane at ambient temperature affords [HOs3(mu-H)(CO)(10){Ph2P(C4H3S}] (4), but when the same reaction is repeated at elevated temperatures, the cyclometallated species [(mu-H)Os-3(CO)(9){mu(3)-Ph(2)p(C4H2S)}] (5) and [mu-H) Os-3(CO)(8){mu 3-Ph2P(C4H2S)}(Ph2P(C4H3S)}] (6) are formed. In addition, two more products, tentatively assigned as [(mu-H)Os-3(CO)(6()mu(3)-Ph2P(C4H2S)}{mu-Ph2P(C4H3S)}{Ph2P-(C4H3S)}] (7) and [(mu-H)Os-3 (CO)(7) {mu-Ph2P(C4H2S)}] (4)tPh(2)P(C(4)H3(S)))(Ph2P(C4H3S))] (8) are obtained. The dynamic behaviours of 2, 5 and 6 have been studied by variable-temperature (VT) and H-1 P-31{H-1} NMR spectroscopy. The VT P-31{H-1} NMR spectra of [Os-3(CO)(10){Ph2P(C4H3S)}(2)] (2) demonstrate that a mixture of two isomers, which are in rapid exchange at room temperature, is present and that the less common cis-trans isomer, whose structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography, is favoured for this cluster. The VT H-1 NMR spectra of 5 indicate the presence of two isomers which are proposed to arise from an oscillation of the sigma,eta(2)-vinyl group of the thienyl moiety between two metal atoms. A similar fluxional process is proposed to occur in 6 and the assignment of the room-temperature structure(s) of this cluster was confirmed by H-1-Os-187 2D HMQC spectroscopy. In addition to 2, the solid-state structures of 3, 5 and 6 have been determined by X-ray crystallography. (c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006.
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| 8. |
- Moberg, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of tetranuclear ruthenium hydrido clusters containing chiral phosphine ligands
- 2006
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9234. ; :1, s. 279-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chiral clusters [H4Ru4(CO)(12-n)(L)(n)] (n = 1, 2; L = NMDPP), 1,1-[H4Ru4(CO)(10)(L - L)] (L - L = DUPHOS, DIPAMP), 1,2-[H4Ru4(CO)(10)(DIOP)] and [{H4Ru4(CO)(10)(DIOP)}(2)] have been synthesized by derivatizing the parent carbonyl cluster [H4Ru4(CO)(12)] with the appropriate mono- or didentate chiral phosphine ligand. The phosphine-substituted clusters were found to be able to catalyze the ( asymmetric) hydrogenation of tiglic acid albeit with relatively low selectivity (enantiomeric excesses varying from 0 to 23%). It was found that the stability of the chiral ruthenium hydride clusters and the product distribution obtained in the catalytic reactions are dependent on the nature of the chiral phosphine. The crystal structures of [H4Ru4(CO)(12-n)(L)(n)] (n = 1, 2; L = NMDPP), 1,1-[H4Ru4(CO)(10)(L-L)] (L - L = DUPHOS, O-DUPHOS ( partially oxygenated ligand), DIPAMP), 1,2-[H4Ru4(CO)(10)(DIOP)] and [{H4Ru4(CO)(10)(DIOP)}(2)] are presented.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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