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- Talvik, M, et al.
(författare)
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A cross-validation study on the relationship between central D-2 receptor occupancy and serum perphenazine concentration
- 2004
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Ingår i: Psychopharmacology. - Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Psychiat Sect, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. Glostrup Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Glostrup, Denmark. : SPRINGER. - 0033-3158 .- 1432-2072. ; 175:2, s. 148-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: There is a need for laboratory measures to guide clinical treatment with antipsychotic drugs. For serum concentration of the classical antipsychotic drug perphenzine an optimal therapeutic interval has been identified between 2 and 6 nmol/l. Positron emission tomography (PET) studies have suggested an optimal interval in central dopamine D-2 receptor occupancy of between 65 and 80%. Objectives: The aim of the present cross-validation study in clinically stable schizophrenic patients was to examine the relationship between the optimal interval in central D-2 receptor occupancy and the therapeutic window for serum perphenazine concentration. Methods: Six patients who had responded to maintenance treatment with perphenazine decanoate were examined with PET and [C-11]raclopride during steady-state conditions. Blood sampling was carried out for minimum serum perphenazine concentration and during the PET examination. Results: The serum perphenazine concentration was between 1.8 and 9 nmol/l and the D-2 receptor occupancy varied between 66 and 82%. The relationship between central receptor occupancy and serum drug concentration was curvilinear. Mild extrapyramidal symptoms were present in the patient with the highest D-2 receptor occupancy. Conclusions: The previously suggested therapeutic window in serum perphenazine concentration is in good agreement with the optimal interval suggested for central D-2 receptor occupancy. Serum concentrations at low dose levels may therefore serve as a useful tool in clinical monitoring of antipsychotic drug treatment.
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- Lu, J., et al.
(författare)
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Chemical vapour deposition of molybdenum carbides : aspects of phase stability
- 2000
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 370:02-jan, s. 203-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films of different molybdenum carbides (delta-MoC1-x, gamma'-MoC1-x and Mo2C) have been deposited from a gas mixture of MoCl5/H-2/C2H4 at 800 degrees C by CVD. The H-2 content in the vapour has a strong influence on the phase composition and microstructure. Typically, high H-2 contents lead to the formation of nanocrystalline delta-MoC1-x films while coarse-grained gamma'-MoC1-x, is formed with an H-2-free gas mixture. This phase has previously only been synthesized by carburization of Mo in a CO atmosphere and it has therefore been considered as an oxycarbide phase stabilized by the presence of oxygen in the lattice. Our results, however, show that gamma'-MoC1-x films containing only trace amounts of oxygen can be deposited by CVD. Stability calculations using a FP-LMTO method confirmed that the gamma'-MoC1-x phase is stabilized by oxygen but that the difference in energy between e.g. delta-MoC0.75 and oxygen-free gamma'-MoC0.75 is Small enough to allow the synthesis of the latter phase in the absence of kinetic constraints. Annealing experiments of metastable delta-MoC1-x and gamma'-MoC1-x films showed two different reaction products suggesting that kinetic effects play an important role in the decomposition of these phases.
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