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- Morris, A, et al.
(författare)
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The Development of a Multidisciplinary System to Understand Causal Factors in Road Crashes
- 2006
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Ingår i: 42nd Annual Human Factors and Ergonomics Society of Australia Conference 2006, HFESA 2006. - 9781622769599 ; , s. 31-38
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The persistent lack of crash causation data to help inform and monitor road and vehicle safety policy is a major obstacle. Data are needed to assess the performance of road and vehicle safety stakeholders and is needed to support the development of further actions. A recent analysis conducted by the European Transport Safety Council identified that there was no single system in place that could meet all of the needs and that there were major gaps including in-depth crash causation information. This paper describes the process of developing a data collection and analysis system designed to fill these gaps. A project team with members from 7 countries was set up to devise appropriate variable lists to collect crash causation information under the following topic levels: accident, road environment, vehicle, and road user, using two quite different sets of resources: retrospective detailed police reports (n=1300) and prospective, independent, on-scene accident research investigations (n=1000). Data categorisation and human factors analysis methods based on Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (Hollnagel, 1998) were developed to enable the causal factors to be recorded, linked and understood. A harmonised, prospective "on-scene" method for recording the root causes and critical events of road crashes was developed. Where appropriate, this includes interviewing road users in collaboration with more routine accident investigation techniques. The typical level of detail recorded is a minimum of 150 variables for each accident. The project will enable multidisciplinary information on the circumstances of crashes to be interpreted to provide information on the causal factors. This has major applications in the areas of active safety systems, infrastructure and road safety, as well as for tailoring behavioural interventions. There is no direct model available internationally that uses such a systems based approach.
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- Engholm, M., et al.
(författare)
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A structural investigation of a synthesized precursor for optical fiber applications : the heterobimetallic ErNb2(OPri)(13)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Optical materials (Amsterdam). - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-3467 .- 1873-1252. ; 29:4, s. 386-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A structural investigation of a synthesized precursor in a silica glass matrix is performed. Silica soot samples are doped with the heterobimetallic precursor ErNb2(OPri)13 by using a conventional solution doping technique and heat treatments to different temperatures. The precursor has also been introduced into a silica fiber preform by using the modified chemical vapor deposition technique. Analyses are made by using ultraviolet–visible–near infrared absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. It is concluded that an immiscible system of ErNbO4 crystallites and Nb2O5 is formed in the silica soot samples at high temperatures. Colloidal particles of ErNbO4 are also formed in the silica glass fiber preform showing interesting features.
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- Engholm, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Improved photodarkening resistivity in ytterbium-doped fiber lasers by cerium codoping
- 2009
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Ingår i: Optics Letters. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 34:8, s. 1285-1287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that the photodarkening resistivity of ytterbium-doped fiber lasers can be greatly improved by cerium codoping. It is suggested that the coexistence of the redox couple Ce3+⁄Ce4+ in the glass provides means for trapping both hole- and electron-related color centers that are responsible for the induced optical losses in Yb-doped fiber lasers.
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