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- Johnsen, GK, et al.
(author)
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Sorption properties of the human stratum corneum
- 2011
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In: Skin pharmacology and physiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-5535 .- 1660-5527. ; 24:4, s. 190-198
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Water sorption is important for the overall structure and function of keratinized tissues such as the human epidermal stratum corneum (SC). In this study we report on a gravimetric method for studying sorption properties of human SC, both from heel and female breast skin. Changes in mass were measured as the relative humidity was altered in steps under controlled environmental conditions. The possibility of hysteresis is also discussed. Furthermore, we have found that the sorption time constants show triphasic behaviour during absorption, but not during desorption. This behaviour is connected to the 3 different types of water present in the SC. Water also enters the SC much more rapidly compared to its exit at relative humidities <50%. Finally, the amount of time between sample preparation and onset of measurement seems to have an effect on the absorption rate, but less on the total amount of water absorbed.
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- Meuller, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Review of Spark Discharge Generators for Production of Nanoparticle Aerosols
- 2012
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In: Aerosol Science and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1521-7388 .- 0278-6826. ; 46:11, s. 1256-1270
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the growing field of nanotechnology there is an increasing need to develop production methods for nanoparticles, especially methods that provide control and reproducibility. The spark discharge generator (SDG) is a versatile device for the production of nanoparticle aerosols. It can produce aerosol nanoparticles in the entire nanometer range (1-100 nm), and beyond. Depending on requirements, and the system used, these nanoparticles can be completely contamination free and composed of one or more materials. This provides a unique opportunity to create new materials on the nanoscale. Already in use in semiconductor, materials, health and environmental research, the SDG shows promise for yet more applications. If needed, particle production by the SDG could be scaled up using parallel generators facilitating continuous high-volume production of aerosol nanoparticles. Still, there is a surprisingly low knowledge of fundamental processes in the SDG. In this article we present a thorough review of the most common and relevant SDGs and the theory of their operation. Some possible improvements are also discussed.
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- Norlen, L
(author)
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Current understanding of skin barrier morphology
- 2013
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In: Skin pharmacology and physiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-5535 .- 1660-5527. ; 26:4-6, s. 213-216
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It was recently shown that the stratum corneum fat layer, i.e. the skin permeability barrier, has a unique molecular arrangement - stacked bilayers of fully extended ceramides with cholesterol molecules associated with the ceramide sphingoid moiety. We here give a brief historical perspective to the field of skin permeability barrier research and specifically address some selected contributions to the current understanding of skin barrier morphology.
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- Norlén, Olov, et al.
(author)
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Long-term outcome after parathyroidectomy for lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism
- 2014
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In: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 101:10, s. 1252-1256
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The accepted management of lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism (LiHPT) is open four-gland parathyroid exploration (OPTX). This approach has recently been the subject of controversy. A recent study has shown very high long-term recurrence rates after OPTX, whereas some have promoted unilateral focused parathyroidectomy as appropriate management. The aim was to evaluate long-term outcomes after surgery for LiHPT and to assess the accuracy of preoperative imaging. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that comprised all patients undergoing initial surgery for LiHPT between 1990 and 2013. The cumulative recurrence rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The sensitivity and specificity of sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasound imaging for identification of single-gland versus multigland disease was investigated using intraoperative assessment as reference. Results: Of 48 patients, 45 had OPTX and three underwent focused parathyroidectomy. Multiglandular disease was documented in 27 patients and 21 had a single adenoma. The median follow-up was 5.9 (range 0.3-22) years and 16 patients died during follow-up. The 10-year cumulative recurrence rate was 16 (95 per cent confidence interval 2 to 29) per cent. No permanent complications occurred after primary surgery for LiHPT. Twenty-four patients had at least one preoperative ultrasound or sestamibi scan. For concordant sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasound imaging, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying single-gland versus multigland disease was five of nine and five of eight respectively. Conclusion: Surgery provided a safe and effective management option for patients with LiHPT in this series, with a long-term cure rate of well over 80 per cent.
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