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- Jönsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Foot centre of pressure and ground reaction force during quadriceps resistance exercises; a comparison between force plates and a pressure insole system.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomechanics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9290 .- 1873-2380. ; 87, s. 206-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study compared the centre of pressure measurements (COP) and vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) from a pressure insole system to that from force plates (FP) during two flywheel quadriceps resistance exercises: leg press and squat. The comparison was performed using a motion capture system and simultaneous measurements of COP and vGRF from FP and insoles. At lower insole-vGRF (<250 N/insole) COP accuracy deteriorated and those data were excluded from further analysis. The insoles systematically displaced the COP slightly posteriorly and medially compared to the FP measurements. Pearson's coefficient of correlation (r) between insole- and FP-COP showed good agreement in both the anteroposterior (squat: r = 0.96, leg press: r = 0.97) and mediolateral direction (squat: r = 0.84, leg press: r = 0.90), whereas the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) were lower in the mediolateral (squat: 3.9 mm, leg press: 4.5 mm) than the anteroposterior (squat and leg press: 11.8 mm) direction. Vertical GRF was slightly overestimated by the insoles in leg press and RMSE were greater in leg press (8% of peak force) than in squat (6%). Overall, results were within the range of previous studies performed on gait. The strong agreement between insole and FP measurements indicates that insoles may replace FPs in field applications and biomechanical computations during resistance exercise, provided that the applied force is sufficient.
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- Keramidas, Michail E., et al.
(författare)
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A brief pre-exercise nap may alleviate physical performance impairments induced by short-term sustained operations with partial sleep deprivation - A field-based study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Chronobiology International. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 0742-0528 .- 1525-6073. ; 35:10, s. 1464-1470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to evaluate the recuperative efficacy of pre-exercise napping on physical capacity after military sustained operations (SUSOPS) with partial sleep deprivation. Before and after a 2-day SUSOPS, 61 cadets completed a battery of questionnaires, and performed a 2-min lunges trial and a 3,000-m running time-trial. After the completion of SUSOPS, subjects were randomized to either a control [without pre-exercise nap (CON); n = 32] or a nap [with a 30-min pre-exercise nap (NAP); n = 29] group. SUSOPS enhanced perceived sleepiness and degraded mood in both groups. Following SUSOPS, the repetitions of lunges, in the CON group, were reduced by similar to 2.3%, albeit the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.62). In the NAP group, however, the repetitions of lunges were increased by similar to 7.1% (p = 0.01). SUSOPS impaired the 3,000-m running performance in the CON group (similar to 2.3%; p = 0.02), but not in the NAP group (0.3%; p = 0.71). Present results indicate, therefore, that a relatively brief pre-exercise nap may mitigate physical performance impairments ensued by short-term SUSOPS.
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- Norrbrand, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Extensive increase of metabolic demand while walking wearing night vision goggles in hilly terrain
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. - : Elsevier. - 1440-2440 .- 1878-1861. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The motivation for the foot-borne soldiers to carry out nighttime operations may be to reduce heat strain. We have previously found elevated metabolic demand (+7 %), and hence endogenous heat production, during walking on a flat gravel road in darkness wearing Night Vision Goggles (NVG) compared with wearing a headlamp. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of wearing NVG while walking in a hilly forest terrain, and compare results between skilled and unskilled NVG users.Methods: A group of cadets, i.e. unskilled (5 men, 6 women, age: 23±3 yrs, height: 172±10 cm, weight: 75±12 kg) and skilled NVG users (9 men, age: 26±2 yrs, height: 184±6 cm, weight: 84±5 kg) participated. At night time, subjects walked 1.1 km at a self-selected comfortable pace in a hilly forest, following a trail in the uphill part, and walking on the under bush in the downhill part. Walks were performed wearing either a headlamp (Light), monocular NVG (MNVG), binocular NVG (BNVG), or MNVG and 25 kg extra weight (backpack and body armor). Oxygen uptake, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion and walking speed were measured. To evaluate walking economy, oxygen uptake was expressed in relation to body mass and distance covered (VO2 mL·kg-1·km-1). Results: In both groups, VO2 (mL·kg-1·km-1) was higher in all three conditions with limited vision (MNVG; BNVG; Backpack) than in the Light condition, both during the Uphill (MNVG/BNVG; skilled: +25/+24%, unskilled: +35/+28%) and Downhill part (MNVG/BNVG; skilled: +42/+44%, unskilled: +67/+51%). In the Backpack condition, the inter-group difference in mechanical efficiency was maintained or exaggerated: Uphill (skilled: +46%, unskilled: +80%), Downhill (skilled: +70%, unskilled: +115%). The skilled NVG users walked faster, but there was no difference in heart rate between groups. In the unskilled, heart rate was higher in the MNVG and BNVG than in the Light condition during the Downhill part. Likewise, in the unskilled, the rate of perceived exertion was higher in the MNVG and BNVG than in the Light condition. Conclusions: Despite that in darkness foveal vision is markedly improved by NVG, it appears that the mechanical efficiency during walking in hilly terrain is markedly lower whilst wearing NVG than with full vision, regardless of whether the soldier is a skilled or unskilled NVG user.
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- Norrbrand, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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No association between hand and foot temperature responses during local cold stress and rewarming.
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 117:6, s. 1141-1153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose was to examine whether associations exist between temperature responses in the fingers vs. toes and hand vs. foot during local cold-water immersion and rewarming phases.METHODS: Seventy healthy subjects (58 males, 12 females) immersed their right hand or right foot, respectively, in 8 °C water for 30 min (CWI phase), followed by a 15-min spontaneous rewarming (RW) in 25 °C air temperature.RESULTS: Temperature was lower in the toes than the fingers during the baseline phase (27.8 ± 3.0 vs. 33.9 ± 2.5 °C, p < 0.001), parts of the CWI phase (min 20-30: 8.8 ± 0.7 vs. 9.7 ± 1.4 °C, p < 0.001), and during the RW phase (peak temperature: 22.5 ± 5.1 vs. 32.7 ± 3.6 °C, p < 0.001). Cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) was more common in the fingers than in the toes (p < 0.001). Within the first 10 min of CWI, 61% of the subjects exhibited a CIVD response in the fingers, while only 6% of the subjects had a CIVD response in the toes. There was a large variability of temperature responses both within and between extremities, and there was a weak correlation between finger- and toe temperature both during the CWI (r = 0.21, p = 0.08) and the RW phases (r = 0.26, p = 0.03).CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that there is generally a lower temperature in the toes than the fingers after a short time of local cold exposure and that the thermal responses of the fingers/hands are not readily transferable to the toes/foot.
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